Editing Oman (section)

===Imamate of Oman===
Omani [[Azd]] used to travel to [[Basra]] for trade, which was a centre of Islam, during the [[Umayyad]] empire. Omani Azd were granted a section of Basra, where they could settle and attend to their needs. Many of the Omani Azd who settled in Basra became wealthy merchants and, under their leader [[al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra]], started to expand their influence of power eastwards towards [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. [[Ibadism]] originated in Basra through its founder, [[Abdallah ibn Ibad|Abd Allah ibn Ibad]],<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |date=December 1980 |title=10th Congress, Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400009196 |journal=Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.1017/s0026318400009196 |issn=0026-3184}}</ref> around the year 650; the Omani Azd in Iraq would subsequently adopt this as their predominant faith. Later, [[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf|al-Hajjaj]], the governor of Iraq, came into conflict with the Ibadis, which forced them back to Oman. Among those who returned was the scholar [[Jābir ibn Zayd|Jaber bin Zaid]]. His return (and the return of many other scholars) greatly enhanced the Ibadhi movement in Oman.<ref name=OmanForeignPolicy/> Alhajjaj also made an attempt to subjugate Oman, then ruled by Suleiman and Said (the sons of Abbad bin Julanda). Alhajjaj dispatched Mujjaah bin Shiwah, who was confronted by Said bin Abbad. This confrontation devastated Said's army, after which he and his forces retreated to the [[Jebel Akhdar (Oman)|Jebel Akhdar]] (mountains). Mujjaah and his forces went after Said, successfully flushing them out from hiding in Wadi Mastall. Mujjaah later moved towards the coast, where he confronted Suleiman bin Abbad. The battle was won by Suleiman's forces. Alhajjaj, however, sent another force (under Abdulrahman bin Suleiman); he eventually won the war, taking over the governance of Oman.<ref name=HRIS>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a5 British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân (164/612).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707173534/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a5 |date=7 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 164. QDL.</ref><ref name=HRIS1>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a6 British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân (165/612).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308223226/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a6 |date=8 March 2021 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 165. QDL.</ref><ref name=HRIS2>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a7 British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân (166/612).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707160958/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a7 |date=7 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 166. QDL.</ref>
[[File:Bahla Fort-109699.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Bahla Fort]], a UNESCO World Heritage site, was built between 12th and 15th c. by the [[Nabhani dynasty]].]]
The first elective [[Imamate of Oman]] is believed to have been established shortly after the fall of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad Dynasty]] in 750/755 CE, when Janaħ bin ʕibadah Alħinnawi was elected.<ref name=OmanForeignPolicy/><ref name=FEIH>Hans kruse. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/002088176500700404 Notes and Memoranda of Oman ''Hans kruse''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710031532/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/002088176500700404 |date=10 July 2022 }} Disturbances in Oman: Notes and Memoranda of Oman. Sage Journals. 1 October 1965.</ref> Other scholars claim that Janaħ bin Ibadah served as a [[Wāli]] (governor) under the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] dynasty (and later ratified the Imamate), and that Julanda bin Masud was the first elected Imam of Oman, in 751 CE.<ref name=TFIMOOS>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x00002f British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân (46/612).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709004046/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x00002f |date=9 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 46. QDL.</ref><ref name=FROI>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a9 British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân by Salîl-ibn-Razîk, from A.D. 661–1856 (168/612)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707171313/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x0000a9 |date=7 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 168. QDL.</ref> The first Imamate reached its peak power in the ninth century CE.<ref name=OmanForeignPolicy/> The Imamate established a maritime empire whose fleet controlled the Gulf, during the time when trade with the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Dynasty]], the Far East, and Africa flourished.<ref name=OQ>J. C. Wilkinson. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797273?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A6b134b0a9b7cd25d12a24320dde2af3e&seq=8#page_scan_tab_contents The Oman Question: The Background to the Political Geography of South-East Arabia.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616160345/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797273?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A6b134b0a9b7cd25d12a24320dde2af3e&seq=8#page_scan_tab_contents |date=16 June 2022 }} The Oman Question: The Background to the Political Geography of South-East Arabia. Pages 361–371. The Geographical Journal. JSTOR. 1971.</ref> The authority of the Imams started to decline due to power struggles, the constant interventions of Abbasid, and the rise of the [[Seljuk Empire]].<ref name=OBG/><ref name=TFIMOOS/>