Editing Obsidian (section)

===Middle East and Asia===
[[File:20141231 155025- Prehistoric- Obsidian-Turkey-cropped.jpg|thumb|Obsidian tools from Tilkitepe, Turkey, 5th millennium BC. [[Museum of Anatolian Civilizations]]]]
In the [[Ubaid period|Ubaid]] in the [[5th millennium BC]], blades were manufactured from obsidian extracted from outcrops located in modern-day [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/06/science/06archeo.html|title=In Syria, a Prologue for Cities|author=John Noble Wilford|date=April 5, 2010|work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Ancient Egypt]]ians used obsidian imported from the eastern Mediterranean and southern [[Red Sea]] regions. Obsidian [[scalpel]]s older than 2100 BC have been found in a Bronze Age settlement in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20727750-200-scalpels-and-skulls-point-to-bronze-age-brain-surgery/|title=Scalpels and skulls point to Bronze Age brain surgery|author=Jo Marchant|work=New Scientist}}</ref> In the eastern Mediterranean area the material was used to make tools, mirrors and decorative objects.<ref name="George Robert Rapp">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VMVguiMmY0C&pg=PA81|author=George Robert Rapp|publisher=Springer|year=2002|title=Archaeomineralogy|isbn=978-3540425793}}</ref>

The use of obsidian tools was present in Japan near areas of volcanic activity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oki-geopark.jp/en/episode/lifestyle/history/obsidian/|title=Obsidian &#124; Oki Islands UNESCO Global Geopark}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Izuho|first1=Masami|last2=Sato|first2=Hiroyumi|year=2007|title=Archaeological obsidian studies in Hokkaido, Japan: Retrospect and prospects|journal=Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin|volume=27|doi=10.7152/bippa.v27i0.11982|doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024|url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/download/11982/10607|access-date=March 2, 2022}}</ref> Obsidian was [[Hoshikuso Pass obsidian mine site|mined during the Jōmon period]].

Obsidian has also been found in [[Gilat]], a site in the western [[Negev]] in Israel. Eight obsidian artifacts dating to the [[Chalcolithic]] Age found at this site were traced to obsidian sources in [[Anatolia]]. [[Neutron activation analysis]] (NAA) on the obsidian found at this site helped to reveal trade routes and exchange networks previously unknown.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yellin|first1=Joseph|last2=Levy|first2=Thomas E.|last3=Rowan|first3=Yorke M.|title=New Evidence on Prehistoric Trade Routes: The Obsidian Evidence from Gilat, Israel|journal=Journal of Field Archaeology|year=1996|volume=23|issue=3|pages=361–68|doi=10.1179/009346996791973873}}</ref>