Editing Nucleon (section)

==Tables of detailed properties==

===Nucleons===
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Nucleons (''[[Isospin|I]]'' = {{sfrac|1|2}}; ''[[strangeness|S]]'' = ''[[charm (quantum number)|C]]'' = ''[[bottomness|B]]'' = 0)
|-
! Particle <br />name
! class="unsortable" | Symbol
! class="unsortable" | Quark <br />content
! [[Mass]]<sup>{{ref|nucleonmass|[a]}}</sup>
! ''[[Isospin|I]]''<sub>3</sub>
! ''[[Total angular momentum|J]]''<sup>''[[Parity (physics)|P]]''</sup>
! ''[[Electric charge|Q]]''
! [[Magnetic moment]] ([[Nuclear magneton|''μ''<sub>N</sub>]])
! [[Mean lifetime]]
! class="unsortable" | Commonly decays to
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[proton]]<ref name=PDGProton group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-p.pdf Particle listings – {{SubatomicParticle|Proton}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127034547/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-p.pdf |date=2017-01-27 }}.</ref>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Proton}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Proton+}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Nucleon+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}
| {{sort|1.00727646688|{{val|938.272013|(23)|ul=MeV/c2}} {{val|1.00727646677|(10)|ul=Da}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|+{{sfrac|1|2}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| {{sort|1|{{val|+1|ul=e}}}}
| {{sort|2.7|{{val|2.792847356|(23)}}}}
| {{sort|+10|stable}}<sup>{{ref|protonlifetime|[b]}}</sup>
| unobserved
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[neutron]]<ref name=PDGNeutron group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-n.pdf Particle listings – {{SubatomicParticle|Neutron}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003230501/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-n.pdf |date=2018-10-03 }}.</ref>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Neutron}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Neutron0}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Nucleon0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}
| {{sort|1.00866491560|{{val|939.565346|(23)|ul=MeV/c2}} {{val|1.00866491597|(43)|ul=Da}}}}
| {{sort|-0.5|{{sfrac|−|1|2}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| {{sort|0|{{val|0|ul=e}}}}
| {{sort|-1.9|{{val|-1.91304273|(45)}}}}
| {{sort|+2|{{val|885.7|(8)|ul=s}}}}<sup>{{ref|neutronlifetime|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Proton}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron antineutrino}}}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[antiproton]]
| {{SubatomicParticle|Antiproton}} / {{PhysicsParticle|p|TR=−}} / {{PhysicsParticle|N|TR=−}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}}
| {{sort|1.00727646688|{{val|938.272013|(23)|ul=MeV/c2}} {{val|1.00727646677|(10)|ul=Da}}}}
| {{sort|-0.5|{{sfrac|−|1|2}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| {{sort|-1|{{val|-1|ul=e}}}}
| {{sort|-2.7|{{val|-2.793|(6)}}}}
| {{sort|+10|stable}}<sup>{{ref|protonlifetime|[b]}}</sup>
| unobserved
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[antineutron]]
| {{SubatomicParticle|Antineutron}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Antineutron0}} / {{SubatomicParticle|Antinucleon0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}}
| {{sort|1.00866491560|{{val|939.485|(51)|ul=MeV/c2}} {{val|1.00866491597|(43)|ul=Da}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|+|1|2}}}}
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| {{sort|0|{{val|0|ul=e}}}}
| ?
| {{sort|+2|{{val|885.7|(8)|ul=s}}}}<sup>{{ref|neutronlifetime|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Antiproton}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Positron}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron neutrino}}}}
|}
{{note|nucleonmass|a}} The masses of the proton and neutron are known with far greater precision in [[Dalton (unit)|dalton]]s (Da) than in MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup> due to the way in which these are defined. The conversion factor used is 1&nbsp;Da&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{val|931.494028|(23)|u=MeV/c2}}.

{{note|protonlifetime|b}} At least 10<sup>35</sup> years. See [[proton decay]].

{{note|neutronlifetime|c}} For [[free neutron]]s; in most common nuclei, neutrons are stable.

The masses of their antiparticles are assumed to be identical, and no experiments have refuted this to date. Current experiments show any relative difference between the masses of the proton and antiproton must be less than {{val|2|e=-9}}<ref group="PDG" name="PDGProton" /> and the difference between the neutron and antineutron masses is on the order of {{val|9|6|e=-5|u=MeV/c2}}.<ref name=PDGNeutron group="PDG"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Proton–antiproton CPT invariance tests
|-
! Test
! Formula
! PDG result<ref name=PDGProton group="PDG"/>
|-
| [[Mass]]
| <math>\frac{|m_{\rm p}-m_\bar{\rm p}|}{m_{\rm p}}</math>
| <{{val|2|e=-9}}
|-
| [[Charge-to-mass ratio]]
| <math>\frac{\left|\frac{q_\bar{\rm p}}{m_\bar{\rm p}}\right|}{\left(\frac{q_{\rm p}}{m_{\rm p}}\right)}</math>
| {{val|0.99999999991|(9)}}
|-
| Charge-to-mass-to-mass ratio
| <math>\frac{\left|\frac{q_\bar{\rm p}}{m_\bar{\rm p}}\right| - \frac{q_{\rm p}}{m_{\rm p}}}{\frac{q_{\rm p}}{m_{\rm p}}}</math>
| {{val|-9|9|e=-11}}
|-
| Charge
| <math>\frac{\left|q_{\rm p} + q_\bar{\rm p}\right|}{e}</math>
| <{{val|2|e=-9}}
|-
| Electron charge
| <math>\frac{\left|q_{\rm p} + q_{\rm e}\right|}{e}</math>
| <{{val|1|e=-21}}
|-
| Magnetic moment
| <math>\frac{\left|\mu_{\rm p} + \mu_\bar{p}\right|}{\mu_{\rm p}}</math>
| {{val|-0.1|2.1|e=-3}}
|}

===Nucleon resonances===
'''Nucleon resonances''' are [[excited state]]s of nucleon particles, often corresponding to one of the quarks having a flipped [[Spin (physics)|spin]] state, or with different [[Azimuthal quantum number|orbital angular momentum]] when the particle decays. Only resonances with a 3- or 4-star rating at the [[Particle Data Group]] (PDG) are included in this table. Due to their extraordinarily short lifetimes, many properties of these particles are still under investigation.

The symbol format is given as N({{mvar|m}}) {{mvar|L<sub>IJ</sub>}}, where {{mvar|m}} is the particle's approximate mass, {{mvar|L}} is the orbital angular momentum (in the [[spectroscopic notation]]) of the nucleon–meson pair, produced when it decays, and {{mvar|I}} and {{mvar|J}} are the particle's [[isospin]] and [[total angular momentum]] respectively. Since nucleons are defined as having {{sfrac|1|2}} isospin, the first number will always be 1, and the second number will always be odd. When discussing nucleon resonances, sometimes the N is omitted and the order is reversed, in the form {{mvar|L<sub>IJ</sub>}} ({{mvar|m}}); for example, a proton can be denoted as "N(939) S<sub>11</sub>" or "S<sub>11</sub> (939)".

The table below lists only the base resonance; each individual entry represents 4&nbsp;[[baryon]]s: 2&nbsp;nucleon resonances particles and their 2&nbsp;antiparticles. Each resonance exists in a form with a positive [[electric charge]] ({{mvar|Q}}), with a quark composition of {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}} like the proton, and a neutral form, with a quark composition of {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}} like the neutron, as well as the corresponding antiparticles with antiquark compositions of {{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}} and {{SubatomicParticle|Up antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down antiquark}} respectively. Since they contain no [[strange quark|strange]], [[charm quark|charm]], [[bottom quark|bottom]], or [[top quark|top]] quarks, these particles do not possess [[strangeness]], etc.

The table only lists the resonances with an [[isospin]] = {{sfrac|1|2}}. For resonances with [[isospin]] = {{sfrac|3|2}}, see the [[Delta baryon|article on Delta baryons]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="text-align:center"
|+ Nucleon resonances with [[Isospin|I]] = {{sfrac|1|2}}
|-
! Symbol
! &nbsp;''[[Total angular momentum|J]]''<sup>''[[Parity (physics)|P]]''</sup>&nbsp;
! PDG [[mass]] average<br />([[electron volt|MeV]]/[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup>)
! [[Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution|Full width]]<br />(MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)
! Pole position<br />(real part)
! Pole position<br />(−2 × imaginary part)
! class=unsortable | Common decays <br />(Γ<sub>i</sub>/Γ > 50%)
|-
| N(939) P<sub>11</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN939" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/reviews/rpp2011-rev-n-delta-resonances.pdf Particle listings — Note on N and Delta Resonances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327004538/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/reviews/rpp2011-rev-n-delta-resonances.pdf |date=2021-03-27 }}.</ref>†
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 939
| †
| †
| †
| †
|-
| N(1440) P<sub>11</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1440" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1440-P11.pdf Particle listings — N(1440)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330015434/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1440-P11.pdf |date=2021-03-30 }}.</ref><br /> (the [[Roper resonance]])
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 1440<br />(1420–1470) 
| 300<br />(200–450) 
| 1365<br />(1350–1380)
| 190<br />(160–220)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1520) D<sub>13</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1520" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1520-D13.pdf Particle listings — N(1520)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329120821/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1520-D13.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|1.5|{{sfrac|3|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 1520<br />(1515–1525)
| 115<br />(100–125)
| 1510<br />(1505–1515)
| 110<br />(105–120)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1535) S<sub>11</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1535" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1535-S11.pdf Particle listings — N(1535)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329222330/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1535-S11.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 1535<br />(1525–1545)
| 150<br />(125–175)
| 1510<br />(1490–1530)
| 170<br />(90–250)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} or}} <br />{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Eta}}}}
|-
| N(1650) S<sub>11</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1650" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1650-S11.pdf Particle listings — N(1650)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330004339/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1650-S11.pdf |date=2021-03-30 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 1650<br />(1645–1670)
| 165<br />(145–185)
| 1665<br />(1640–1670)
| 165<br />(150–180)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1675) D<sub>15</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1675" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1675-D15.pdf Particle listings — N(1675)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328054543/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1675-D15.pdf |date=2021-03-28 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|2.5|{{sfrac|5|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 1675<br />(1670–1680)
| 150<br />(135–165)
| 1660<br />(1655–1665)
| 135<br />(125–150)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} or}} <br />{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Delta}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1680) F<sub>15</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1680" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1680-F15.pdf Particle listings — N(1680)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329051338/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1680-F15.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|2.5|{{sfrac|5|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 1685<br />(1680–1690)
| 130<br />(120–140)
| 1675<br />(1665–1680)
| 120<br />(110–135)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1700) D<sub>13</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1700" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1700-D13.pdf Particle listings — N(1700)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328060307/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1700-D13.pdf |date=2021-03-28 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|1.5|{{sfrac|3|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 1700<br />(1650–1750)
| 100<br />(50–150)
| 1680<br />(1630–1730)
| 100<br />(50–150)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1710) P<sub>11</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1710" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1710-P11.pdf Particle listings — N(1710)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328131441/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1710-P11.pdf |date=2021-03-28 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|0.5|{{sfrac|1|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 1710<br />(1680–1740)
| 100<br />(50–250)
| 1720<br />(1670–1770)
| 230<br />(80–380)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
|-
| N(1720) P<sub>13</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN1720" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1720-P13.pdf Particle listings — N(1720)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330022733/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-1720-P13.pdf |date=2021-03-30 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|1.5|{{sfrac|3|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 1720<br />(1700–1750)
| 200<br />(150–300)
| 1675<br />(1660–1690)
| 115–275
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} or}} <br />{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Rho}}}}
|-
| N(2190) G<sub>17</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN2190" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2190-G17.pdf Particle listings — N(2190)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329020350/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2190-G17.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|3.5|{{sfrac|7|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 2190<br />(2100–2200)
| 500<br />(300–700)
| 2075<br />(2050–2100)
| 450<br />(400–520)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} (10—20%)}}
<!-- ** http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2200-D15.pdf -->
|-
| N(2220) H<sub>19</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN2220" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2220-H19.pdf Particle listings — N(2220)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329192105/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2220-H19.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|4.5|{{sfrac|9|2}}}}<sup>+</sup>
| 2250<br />(2200–2300)
| 400<br />(350–500)
| 2170<br />(2130–2200)
| 480<br />(400–560)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} (10—20%)}}
|-
| N(2250) G<sub>19</sub><br /><ref name="PDGN2250" group="PDG">[http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2250-G19.pdf Particle listings — N(2250)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329211112/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/listings/rpp2011-list-N-2250-G19.pdf |date=2021-03-29 }}.</ref>
| {{sort|4.5|{{sfrac|9|2}}}}<sup>−</sup>
| 2250<br />(2200–2350)
| 500<br />(230–800)
| 2200<br />(2150–2250)
| 450<br />(350–550)
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}} (5—15%)}}
|}
† ''The P<sub>11</sub>(939) nucleon represents the excited state of a normal proton or neutron. Such a particle may be stable when in an atomic nucleus, e.g. in [[lithium-6]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lithium-6 |title=Lithium-6. Compound summary |website=PubChem |publisher=National Library of Medicine |access-date=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119032317/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lithium-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>