Editing Novi Sad (section)

=== Habsburg monarchy ===
[[File:Patrijarh Rajacic blagosilja vojsku.JPG|thumb|left|[[Serb uprising of 1848–49]], Serbian patriarch [[Josif Rajačić]] is giving a blessing to the army of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848.]]
For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad remained the largest city inhabited by Serbs. The reformer of the Serbian language, [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]], wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad was the 'largest Serb municipality in the world'. It was a cultural and political centre for Serbs (see also [[Serbian Revival]]), who did not have their own [[Nation state|national state]] at the time. Due to its cultural and political influence, the city became known as the 'Serbian [[Athens]]' (''Srpska Atina'' in Serbian). According to 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]], 5,724 [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], 1,032 [[Protestants]], 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian church]]. The largest [[ethnic group]] in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were [[Germans]].
[[File:Petrovaradin Fortress - 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|Novi Sad panoramic view, 1920s]]
[[File:Petrovaradin Podgrađe - 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|[[Petrovaradin]] Podgrađe (Petrovaradin Inner City) and [[Petrovaradin Fortress]], 1920s]]

During the [[Revolutions of 1848|Revolution of 1848–49]], Novi Sad was part of [[Serbian Vojvodina]], a Serbian [[Autonomous area|autonomous region]] within the Austrian Empire. In 1849, the Hungarian garrison, located at the Petrovaradin Fortress, bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population. According to the 1850 census, there were only 7,182 citizens left in the city, compared to 17,332 in 1843. [[Marija Trandafil]] and her husband paid for some of the rebuilding including two churches.<ref name=nreview>{{cite web|title=Национална Ревија - National Review|url=https://www.nacionalnarevija.com/en/tekstovi/Br%2022/07%20Dobrotvori%20-%20Marija%20Trandafil.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=www.nacionalnarevija.com}}</ref> Between 1849 and 1860, Novi Sad was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]]. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into the [[Bács-Bodrog County|Batsch-Bodrog]] County. The post office was opened in 1853.

Following the [[compromise of 1867]], Novi Sad was located within the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], the ''[[Transleithania]]'', which comprised half of the new [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. During this time, the [[Magyarization]] policy of the Hungarian government drastically altered the demographic structure of the city as the formerly predominantly Serbian population became one with a more mixed character. In 1880, 41.2% of the city's inhabitants used the [[Serbian language]] most frequently and 25.9% employed Hungarian. In the following decades, the percentage of Serbian-speakers decreased, while the number of Hungarian-speakers increased. According to the 1910 census, the city had 33,590 residents, of whom 13,343 (39.72%) spoke Hungarian, 11,594 (34.52%) Serbian, 5,918 (17.62%) German and 1,453 (4.33%) Slovak. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were the larger ethnic group in the city in 1910, since the various ethnic groups ([[Bunjevci]], [[Romani people|Romani]], Jews, other [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] people, etc.) were classified in census results only according to the language they spoke.<ref>Triva Militar, Novi Sad na raskrsnici minulog i sadanjeg veka, Novi Sad, 2000, p. 320</ref>

Similar demographic changes can be seen in the religious structure: in 1870, the population of Novi Sad included 8,134 Orthodox Christians, 6,684 Catholics, 1,725 Calvinists, 1,343 Lutherans, and others.<ref>Triva Militar, Novi Sad na raskrsnici minulog i sadanjeg veka, Novi Sad, 2000, p. 317</ref> In 1910, the population included 13,383 [[Roman Catholics]] and 11,553 Orthodox Christians, while 3,089 declared themselves as [[Lutheran]], 2,751 as [[Calvinist]], and 2,326 as Jewish.<ref>[http://mek.niif.hu/06700/06758/pdf/revai18_3.pdf Újvidék]. ''Révai nagy lexikona, vol. 18.'' p. 612. Hungarian Electronic Library. (in Hungarian)</ref>