Editing Norwegian resistance movement (section)

==Civil disobedience==
[[File:Norway 1 Krone 1940 obverse H7 monogram.jpg|200px|thumb|The obverse of a 1940 [[Norwegian krone]]. Coins with the H7 monogram were worn by Norwegian nationalists as jewellery during the occupation, and subsequently confiscated by German authorities.]]

The first mass outbreak of civil disobedience occurred in the autumn of 1940, when students of [[Oslo University]] began to wear [[paper clips]] on their lapels to demonstrate their resistance to the German occupiers and their Norwegian collaborators. A seemingly innocuous item, the paper clip was a symbol of solidarity and unity ("we are bound together"), implying resistance.<ref name=":0" /> The wearing of paper clips, the popular [[H7 (monogram)|H7 monogram]] and similar symbols (red garments, [[Bobble hat]]s) was outlawed and could lead to arrest and punishment.

Of lesser military importance was the distribution of [[Underground media in German-occupied Europe|illegal newspapers]] (often with news items culled from [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] news broadcasts; possession of radios was illegal). The purpose of this was twofold: it counteracted [[Nazi propaganda]], and it maintained nationalistic, anti-German feelings in the population at large. It has been suggested that combating the illegal press expended German resources out of proportion to the illegal media's actual effects.

Finally, there was the attempt at maintaining an "ice front" against the German soldiers. This involved, among other things, never speaking to a German if it could be avoided (many pretended to speak no [[German language|German]], though it was then almost as prevalent as [[English language|English]] is now) and refusing to sit beside a German on [[public transport]]. The latter was so annoying to the occupying German authorities that it became illegal to stand on a bus if seats were available.

Nazi authorities (both German and Norwegian) attempted to pressure school teachers into supporting the regime and its propaganda. Wages were withheld, and on 20 March 1942, <!--[[no:wiki/Læreraksjonen i 1942]]-->1100 male teachers were arrested, of which 642 were sent to Arctic Norway doing forced labour.<ref name="Kolseth">{{cite web |last1=Kolseth |first1=Hans Ivar Moss |title=Krigen frå kateteret |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/krigen-fra-kateteret-1.14991514 |website=NRK |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200510010623/https://www.nrk.no/norge/krigen-fra-kateteret-1.14991514 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |language=nn-NO |date=8 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Birkemo |first1=Asbjørn |title=Kampen om kateteret : skolepolitikk og pedagogikk i Norge 1940-1945 |date=2000 |publisher=Unipub |location=Oslo |isbn=8274770439}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Norge i krig : fremmedåk og frihetskamp 1940-1945 |date=1984–1987 |publisher=Aschehoug |location=Oslo |isbn=8203111440}}</ref>

Towards the end of the war, the resistance became more open, with rudimentary military organizations set up in the forests around the larger cities. A number of Nazi [[Collaborationism|collaborator]]s and officials were killed, and those collaborating with the German or Quisling authorities were [[Shunning|ostracized]], both during and after the war.

The [[Norway's Resistance Museum|Norwegian Resistance Museum]], at [[Akershus Fortress]], [[Oslo]], gives a good account of the activities of the Norwegian resistance movement.