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====Tumey v. Ohio==== {{main|Tumey v. Ohio}} In 1925, North College Hill [[Mayor]] A. R. Pugh was involved in a [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] case.<ref>"[http://supreme.justia.com/us/273/510/case.html Tumey v. Ohio, 273 U. S. 510],β ''US Supreme Court Center''. Retrieved on 3/9/2008.</ref><ref>Menez, Joseph Francis and Vile, John R., βTumey v. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510; 47 S. Ct. 437; 71 L. Ed. 749 (1927),β ''Summaries of Leading Cases on the Constitution'', Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, p. 387.</ref> Ohio law allowed small towns like North College Hill to operate "liquor courts". These courts had authority over their entire county. Further, the Crabbe Act allowed local towns, mayors, and police departments to keep at least some of the fines imposed by these courts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okrent |first1=Daniel |title=Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition |url=https://archive.org/details/lastcal_okr_2010_00_9047 |url-access=registration |date=11 May 2010 |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-0743277020 |at=loc 4842 (Kindle) |author-link=Daniel Okrent }}</ref> In ''Tumey v. Ohio'' (1927), the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] ruled the Crabbe Act was unconstitutional as financial conflicts of interest impaired the right to a fair trial.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tumey v. Ohio |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Tumey_v._Ohio?rec=563 |website=Ohio History central |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The court's decision in this case continues to provide precedent today in cases involving judicial impartiality.<ref>Blount, Jim, "[http://www.lanepl.org/Blount/JBCOLS/documents/5665992053CD8DE5256873837D2697C0BAE3169E.html U. S. Supreme Court decision stopped crusading village mayors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026092830/http://www.lanepl.org/blount/jbcols/documents/5665992053CD8DE5256873837D2697C0BAE3169E.html |date=2007-10-26 }},β ''Journal-News'', February 12, 2003. Retrieved on 3/30/2008.</ref><ref>Layman, James, β[https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/geojlege19&div=36&id=&page= Judicial Campaign Speech Regulation: Integrity or Incentives?],β ''Georgetown University Law Center'', Summer 2006.</ref>
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