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===Mineral resources=== Ningxia is rich in mineral resources with proven deposits of 34 kinds of minerals, much of which located in grassland areas.<ref name="Ho 2016" /> In 2011 it was estimated that the potential value per capita of these resources accounted for 163.5 percent of the nation's average. Ningxia boasts verified coal reserves of over 30 billion tons, with an estimated reserve of more than 202 billion tons, ranking sixth nationwide. Coal deposits are spread over one-third of the total surface of Ningxia, and mined in four major fields in the Helan and Xiangshan mountains, Ningdong and Yuanzhou (or Guyuan). The region's reserves of oil and natural gas can be found in Yanchi and Lingwu County, and are ideal for large-scale development of oil, natural gas and chemical industries. Ningxia leads China in gypsum deposits, with a proven reserve of more than 4.5 billion tons, of which the rarely found, top-grade gypsum accounts for half of the total deposits. The Hejiakouzi deposit in Tongxin County features a reserve of 20 million tons of gypsum with a total thickness of 100 meters. There is a considerable deposit of quartz sandstone, of which 17 million tons have been ascertained. In addition, there are phosphorus, flint, copper, iron, barite, other minerals and Helan stone – a special clay stone.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |last1=Hsieh |first1=Chiao-min |last2=Falkenheim |first2=Victor C. |title=Ningxia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ningxia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027072307/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ningxia |archive-date=2016-10-27 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-16 |title=Níngxià kuàngchǎn zīyuán gàikuàng jí fēnbù |script-title=zh:宁夏矿产资源概况及分布 |trans-title=Overview and Distribution of Mineral Resources in Ningxia |url=http://www.chinabaike.com/z/keji/ck/543057.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112152114/http://www.chinabaike.com/z/keji/ck/543057.html |archive-date=2014-11-12 |website=Zhōngguó bǎikē wǎng |language=zh}}</ref>
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