Editing Nile (section)

=== In South Sudan ===
The White Nile flows into South Sudan just south of [[Nimule]], where it is known as the ''Bahr al Jabal'' ("Mountain River"{{refn|Arabic ''bahr'' can refer to either seas or large rivers.{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911|p=693}}}}). Just south of the town is the [[confluence]] with the [[Achwa River]]. The [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr al Ghazal]], {{convert|716|km|sp=us}} long, joins the Bahr al Jabal at a small lagoon called [[Lake No]], after which the Nile becomes known as the ''Bahr al Abyad'', or the White Nile, from the whitish [[clay]] suspended in its waters. When the [[Flooding of the Nile|Nile floods]] it leaves a rich silty deposit which fertilizes the soil. The Nile no longer floods in Egypt since the completion of the [[Aswan Dam]] in 1970. An [[anabranch]] river, the [[Bahr el Zeraf]], flows out of the Nile's Bahr al Jabal section and rejoins the White Nile.

The flow rate of the Bahr al Jabal at [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]] is almost constant throughout the year and averages {{cvt|1048|m3/s|sp=us}}. After Mongalla, the Bahr Al Jabal enters the enormous swamps of the [[Sudd]] region. More than half of the Nile's water is lost in this swamp to [[evaporation]] and [[transpiration]]. The average flow rate of the White Nile at the tails of the swamps is about {{cvt|510|m3/s|sigfig=2|sp=us}}. From here it meets with the [[Sobat River]] at [[Malakal]]. On an annual basis, the White Nile upstream of Malakal contributes about 15% of the total outflow of the Nile.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurst H.E. |display-authors=etal |year=2011 |title=The Nile Basins &#124;volume 1 The Hydrology of the Blue Nile and Akbara and the Main Nile to Aswan, with some Reference to the Projects Nile control Dept. paper 12 |url=http://www.ielrc.org/content/a0509.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726172514/http://www.ielrc.org/content/a0509.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2011 |publisher=Government Printing office |location=Cairo }}</ref>

The average flow of the White Nile at Lake Kawaki Malakal, just below the Sobat River, is {{cvt|924|m3/s|sp=us}}; the peak flow is approximately {{cvt|1218|m3/s|sp=us}} in October and minimum flow is about {{cvt|609|m3/s|sp=us}} in April. This fluctuation is caused by the substantial variation in the flow of the Sobat, which has a minimum flow of about {{cvt|99|m3/s|sp=us}} in March and a peak flow of over {{cvt|680|m3/s|sp=us}} in October.<ref>{{Cite book |last=J. V. Sutcliffe & Y.P. Parks |title=The Hydrology of the Nile |publisher=IAHS Special Publication no. 5 |year=1999 |page=161 |chapter=12 |chapter-url=http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0161.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124102107/http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0161.pdf |archive-date=24 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[dry season]] (January to June) the White Nile contributes between 70% and 90% of the total discharge from the Nile.