Editing Niklaus Wirth (section)

==Publications==
The April 1971 [[Communications of the ACM]] article "Program Development by Stepwise Refinement",<ref>Wirth, Program development by stepwise refinement, Communications of the ACM,. 14:221–227, ACM Press, 1971
</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wirth |first=Niklaus |date=2001 |chapter=Program Development by Stepwise Refinement |editor1-last=Broy |editor1-first=Manfred |editor2-last=Denert |editor2-first=Ernst |title=Pioneers and Their Contributions to Software Engineering |location=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-48354-7 |isbn=978-3-642-48355-4|s2cid=11348419 }}</ref> concerning the teaching of programming, is considered to be a classic text in software engineering.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gehani |first1=Narain |title=Ada: Concurrent Programming |date=1991 |publisher=Silicon Press |isbn=978-0-929306-08-7 |page=209 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6wOK8OYBG4C&dq=%22Program+Development+by+Stepwise+Refinement%22+classic&pg=PA209 |language=en}}</ref> The paper is considered to be the earliest work to formally outline the [[top-down design|top-down method]] for designing programs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1=Nasib Singh |title=Software Engineering |publisher=Khanna Publishing House |isbn=978-81-906116-3-3 |page=192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFoJEAAAQBAJ&dq=top-down+method+wirth+stepwise+1971&pg=PA192 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dooley |first1=John F. |title=Software Development, Design and Coding: With Patterns, Debugging, Unit Testing, and Refactoring |date=25 November 2017 |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4842-3153-1 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGRADwAAQBAJ&dq=top-down+method+wirth+stepwise&pg=PA54 |language=en}}</ref> The article was discussed by [[Fred Brooks]] in his influential book ''[[The Mythical Man-Month]]'' and was described as "seminal" in the ACM's brief biography of Wirth published in connection to his Turing Award.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brooks |first1=Frederick P. (Frederick Phillips) |title=The Mythical Man-Month |date=1975 |publisher=Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. |isbn=978-0-201-00650-6 |page=143 |url=https://archive.org/details/mythicalmanmonth00broo/page/142/mode/2up?q=wirth}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Niklaus Wirth: 1984 ACM A. M. Turing Award Recipient |journal=Communications of the ACM |date=February 1985 |volume=28 |issue=2 |doi=10.1145/1283920.1283941}}</ref>

{{anchor|Systematic Programming}}The 1973 textbook, ''Systematic Programming: An Introduction'',<ref>{{cite book | isbn=0-13-880369-2 | title=Systematic Programming: An Introduction | last1=Wirth | first1=Niklaus | date=8 January 1973 | publisher=Prentice-Hall }}</ref> was described as a quality source for mathematicians desiring to understand the nature of programming in a 1974 review.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abrahams |first1=Paul |last2=Wirth |first2=Niklaus |title=Systematic Programming: An Introduction |journal=Mathematics of Computation |date=July 1974 |volume=28 |issue=127 |pages=881 |doi=10.2307/2005728|jstor=2005728 }}</ref> The cover flap,  of the 1973 edition, stated the book "... is tailored to the needs of people who view a course on systematic construction of algorithms as part of their basic mathematical training, rather than to the immediate needs of those who wish to be able to occasionally encode a problem and hand it over to their computer for instant solution."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wirth |first=Niklaus |year=1973 |chapter=Cover flap |title=Systematic Programming: An Introduction |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=0-13-880369-2}}</ref> Described in the review as a challenging text to work through, it was nevertheless recommended as useful reading for those interested in numerical mathematics.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=2005728 |title=Systematic Programming: An Introduction by Niklaus Wirth |last=Abrahams |first=Paul |date=July 1974 |journal=Mathematics of Computation |publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]] |volume=28 |issue=127 |pages=881–883 |doi=10.2307/2005728}}</ref>

In 1974, ''The Pascal User Manual and Report'',<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/h42_Pascal_User_Manual_and_Report_Second_Edition |title=Pascal User Manual and Report Second Edition}}</ref> jointly written{{efn|First chapter (Documentation) is a joint work, which according to Jensen has been edited by Wirth.<ref name="jensenTalk">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yj3DMUn6cck | title=Kathleen Jensen's Speech at the Wirth Symposium (20.02.2014) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=25 February 2014 | access-date=6 January 2024 | archive-date=6 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106193549/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yj3DMUn6cck | url-status=live }}</ref> Second chapter is by Wirth (also published separately<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/68910 |title=The programming language Pascal (Revised Report) |last=Wirth |first=Niklaus |date=1973 |publisher=ETH Zurich |doi=10.3929/ethz-a-000814158 |pages=49 p |hdl=20.500.11850/68910 |language=en}}</ref>).|group=lower-roman}} with [[Kathleen Jensen]],<ref>* https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Kathleen-Jensen-2058521472 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106193548/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Kathleen-Jensen-2058521472 |date=6 January 2024 }}
* https://dl.acm.org/profile/81334487416 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106193548/https://dl.acm.org/profile/81334487416 |date=6 January 2024 }}
* https://dblp.org/pid/06/5848.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106230548/https://dblp.org/pid/06/5848.html |date=6 January 2024 }}</ref> served as the basis of many language implementation efforts in the 1970s ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] Pascal<ref name="Joy 1979">{{cite book | last1=Joy | first1=William N. | last2=Graham | first2=Susan L. | last3=Haley | first3=Charles B. | title=Berkeley Pascal User's Manual, Version 1.1, April, 1979 | publisher=University of California, Berkeley. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences | year=1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1rc7GwAACAAJ | access-date=8 January 2024 | archive-date=8 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108053736/https://books.google.com/books?id=1rc7GwAACAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref>), and 1980s in the United States and across Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blotnick |first1=Srully |title=Don't Fail Me Now |journal=Pascal News |date=July 1983 |issue=26 |page=26 |url=http://bitsavers.org/magazines/Pascal_News/26_Pascal_News_Jul83.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-date=5 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105132645/http://bitsavers.org/magazines/Pascal_News/26_Pascal_News_Jul83.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hartel |first1=Pieter H. |title=Pascal for systems programmers |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/137861/files/cer-000048872.pdf |publisher=ECODU-32 |date=May 1982 |access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322235044/https://cds.cern.ch/record/137861/files/cer-000048872.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1975, he wrote the book ''[[Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs]]'', which gained wide recognition.<ref>[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=540029 Citations collected] by the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM)</ref> Major revisions of this book with the new title ''Algorithms & Data Structures'' were published in 1986 and 2004.<ref name="ads1986">{{cite book |last1=Wirth |first1=Niklaus |title=Algorithms & Data Structures |date=1986 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=978-0-13-022005-9 |chapter=Preface to the 1986 edition |page=9 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/algorithmsdatast0000wirt_u9b4/page/12/mode/2up?q=modula |quote=The major change which pervades the entire text concerns the programming language used to express the algorithms. Pascal has been replaced by ''Modula-2''.}}</ref><ref name="ads2004">{{cite web |last1=Wirth |first1=Niklaus |title=Algorithms and Data Structures |url=https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/AD.pdf |publisher=ETH Zürich |access-date=4 January 2024 |quote=© N. Wirth 1985 (Oberon version: August 2004). |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417040502/https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/AD.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The examples in the first edition were written in Pascal. These were replaced in the later editions with examples written in Modula-2 and Oberon, respectively.<ref name="ads1986" /><ref name="ads2004" />

In 1992, Wirth and [[Jürg Gutknecht]] published the full documentation of the Oberon operating system.<ref name="PO">{{Cite book |last1=Wirth |first1=Niklaus |last2=Gutknecht |first2=Jürg |author-link=Jürg Gutknecht |year=1992 |title=Project Oberon: The Design of an Operating System and Compiler |url=http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/WirthPubl/ProjectOberon.pdf |publisher=Addison-Wesley, ACM Press |isbn=978-0-201-54428-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412053624/http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/WirthPubl/ProjectOberon.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2013 }} Out of print. [http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ProjectOberon/ Online version of a 2nd edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405095625/http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ProjectOberon/ |date=5 April 2014 }}. [http://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/ProjectOberon1992.pdf 2005 edition, PDF.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708170913/http://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/ProjectOberon1992.pdf |date=8 July 2021 }}</ref> A second book, with Martin Reiser, was intended as a programming guide.<ref name="PIO">{{Cite book |last1=Reiser |first1=Martin |last2=Wirth |first2=Niklaus |year=1992 |title=Programming in Oberon: Steps Beyond Pascal and Modula |url=http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/WirthPubl/ProgInOberonWR.pdf |publisher=Addison-Wesley, ACM Press |isbn=978-0-201-56543-0 |access-date=1 June 2017 |archive-date=16 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416210901/http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/WirthPubl/ProgInOberonWR.pdf |url-status=dead }}. Out of print.</ref>