Editing Nihonium (section)

=== Riken ===
While the JINR–LLNL collaboration had been studying fusion reactions with <sup>48</sup>Ca, a team of Japanese scientists at the [[Riken]] Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science in [[Wakō, Saitama|Wakō]], Japan, led by [[Kōsuke Morita]] had been studying cold fusion reactions. Morita had previously studied the synthesis of superheavy elements at the JINR before starting his own team at Riken. In 2001, his team confirmed the GSI's discoveries of elements [[hassium|108]], [[darmstadtium|110]], [[roentgenium|111]], and 112. They then made a new attempt on element 113, using the same <sup>209</sup>Bi + <sup>70</sup>Zn reaction that the GSI had attempted unsuccessfully in 1998. Despite the much lower yield expected than for the JINR's hot fusion technique with calcium-48, the Riken team chose to use cold fusion as the synthesised isotopes would alpha decay to known daughter nuclides and make the discovery much more certain, and would not require the use of radioactive targets.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGVkkVMgvOg | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/kGVkkVMgvOg| archive-date=14 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Q & A session |last=Morita |first=Kōsuke |date=5 February 2016 |publisher=The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan |via=YouTube |access-date=28 April 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In particular, the isotope <sup>278</sup>113 expected to be produced in this reaction would decay to the known <sup>266</sup>Bh, which had been synthesised in 2000 by a team at the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] (LBNL) in Berkeley.<ref name="JWP" />

The bombardment of <sup>209</sup>Bi with <sup>70</sup>Zn at Riken began in September 2003<!--the 5th-->.<ref name="RudolphForsberg2013">{{cite journal |last1=Rudolph |first1=D. |last2=Forsberg |first2=U. |last3=Golubev |first3=P. |last4=Sarmiento |first4=L. G. |last5=Yakushev |first5=A. |last6=Andersson |first6=L.-L. |last7=Di Nitto |first7=A. |last8=Düllmann |first8=Ch. E. |last9=Gates |first9=J. M.|last10=Gregorich|first10=K. E. |last11=Gross |first11=C. J. |last12=Heßberger |first12=F. P. |last13=Herzberg |first13=R.-D. |last14=Khuyagbaatar |first14=J. |last15=Kratz |first15=J. V. |last16=Rykaczewski |first16=K. |last17=Schädel |first17=M. |last18=Åberg |first18=S. |last19=Ackermann |first19=D.|last20=Block|first20=M. |last21=Brand |first21=H. |last22=Carlsson |first22=B. G. |last23=Cox |first23=D. |last24=Derkx |first24=X. |last25=Eberhardt |first25=K. |last26=Even |first26=J. |last27=Fahlander |first27=C. |last28=Gerl |first28=J. |last29=Jäger |first29=E.|last30=Kindler|first30=B. |last31=Krier |first31=J. |last32=Kojouharov |first32=I. |last33=Kurz |first33=N. |last34=Lommel |first34=B. |last35=Mistry |first35=A. |last36=Mokry |first36=C. |last37=Nitsche |first37=H. |last38=Omtvedt |first38=J. P. |last39=Papadakis |first39=P.|last40=Ragnarsson|first40=I. |last41=Runke |first41=J. |last42=Schaffner |first42=H. |last43=Schausten |first43=B. |last44=Thörle-Pospiech |first44=P. |last45=Torres |first45=T. |last46=Traut |first46=T. |last47=Trautmann |first47=N. |last48=Türler |first48=A. |last49=Ward |first49=A.|last50=Ward|first50=D. E. |last51=Wiehl |first51=N. |title=Spectroscopy of Element 115 Decay Chains |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=111 |issue=11 |pages=112502 |year=2013 |issn=0031-9007 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.112502 |pmid=24074079 |url=http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4002358 |type=Submitted manuscript|bibcode=2013PhRvL.111k2502R|s2cid=3838065 }}</ref> The team detected a single atom of <sup>278</sup>113 in July 2004<!--the 23rd--> and published their results that September<!--the 28th-->:<ref name="04Mo01">{{cite journal |title=Experiment on the Synthesis of Element 113 in the Reaction <sup>209</sup>Bi(<sup>70</sup>Zn,n)<sup>278</sup>113 |year=2004 |journal=Journal of the Physical Society of Japan |volume=73 |issue=10 |pages=2593–2596 |doi=10.1143/JPSJ.73.2593 |bibcode=2004JPSJ...73.2593M |last1=Morita |first1=Kosuke |last2=Morimoto |first2=Kouji |last3=Kaji |first3=Daiya |last4=Akiyama |first4=Takahiro |last5=Goto |first5=Sin-ichi |last6=Haba |first6=Hiromitsu |first7=Eiji |last7=Ideguchi |first8=Rituparna |last8=Kanungo |first9=Kenji |last9=Katori|first10=Hiroyuki |last10=Koura |first11=Hisaaki |last11=Kudo |first12=Tetsuya |last12=Ohnishi |first13=Akira |last13=Ozawa |first14=Toshimi |last14=Suda |first15=Keisuke |last15=Sueki |first16=HuShan |last16=Xu |first17=Takayuki |last17=Yamaguchi |first18=Akira |last18=Yoneda |first19=Atsushi |last19=Yoshida|first20=YuLiang |last20=Zhao|doi-access=free }}</ref>

:{{nuclide|link=no|Bismuth|209}} + {{nuclide|link=no|Zinc|70}} → <sup>279</sup>113* → <sup>278</sup>113 + {{SubatomicParticle|link=no|neutron}}

The [[Riken]] team observed four alpha decays from <sup>278</sup>113, creating a decay chain passing through <sup>274</sup>Rg, <sup>270</sup>Mt, and <sup>266</sup>Bh before terminating with the spontaneous fission of <sup>262</sup>Db.<ref name="04Mo01" /> The decay data they observed for the alpha decay of <sup>266</sup>Bh matched the 2000 data, lending support for their claim. [[Spontaneous fission]] of its daughter <sup>262</sup>Db had not been previously known; the American team had observed only alpha decay from this nuclide.<ref name="JWP" />