Editing New-school hip-hop (section)

===Def Jam===
The other production credit on ''Raising Hell'' went to Run's brother, [[Russell Simmons]]; he ran Rush Artist Management, now [[Rush Communications]], which as well as handling Run-D.M.C., managed the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, [[Whodini]] and Public Enemy. Simmons also co-owned  Def Jam Recordings, an important new-school label, with Rubin.<ref>"Def Jam Music Group 10th Anniversary Box Set", ''Spin'' magazine, December 1995. Quoted by [https://archive.today/20120914134758/http://www.tower.com/details/details.cfm?wapi=105798314 tower.com].</ref> Simmons rose with Def Jam to become one of the biggest moguls in rap, while Rubin claimed credit for introducing radio-friendly brevity and song structure to hip hop.<ref>Hirschberg, Lynn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/magazine/02rubin.t.html The Music Man"], ''New York Times Magazine'', September 2, 2007. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Def Jam's first 12-inch release was the minimalist drum machine breakdown "I Need A Beat" by LL Cool J (1984). This was followed by "I Can't Live Without My Radio" (Def Jam, 1985), a loud, defiant declaration of public loyalty to his boom box which the ''New York Times'' in 1987 called "quintessential rap in its directness, immediacy and assertion of self".<ref>Holden, Stephen. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE2DF1E31F935A15757C0A961948260 "From Rock To Rap"], ''New York Times'', April 26, 1987. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Both were on his debut album for Def Jam, 1985's ''[[Radio (LL Cool J album)|Radio]]'' (described as "Reduced by Rick Rubin" in its liner notes), which also contained the minimalist and rock-influenced track "[[Rock the Bells]]".<ref>Shapiro, p. 228</ref><ref>Bull, Debby. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071115231922/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/llcoolj/albums/album/124627/review/5943756/radio Radio"], ''Rolling Stone'', April 10, 1986. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Rubin also produced music for Beastie Boys, who sampled [[AC/DC]] on their ''Rock Hard'' EP on Def Jam in 1984 and recorded a Run-D.M.C. outtake and a heavy metal parody on their hugely commercially successful debut album ''[[Licensed To Ill]]'' (Def Jam, 1986). In 1987, ''Raising Hell'' surpassed three million units sold, and ''Licensed to Ill'' five million.<ref>Holden, Stephen. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFDE173AF933A05751C1A961948260 "Bon Jovi and Bonbons"], Pop Life, ''New York Times'', December 30, 1987. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Faced with figures like these, major labels finally began buying into independent New York hip hop imprints.<ref>Holden, Stephen. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7D8123AF933A15757C0A96E948260 "Rap is on a Roll"], The Pop Life, ''New York Times'', April 20, 1988. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref>