Editing Natural selection (section)

===A second synthesis===
[[File:Gap gene expression.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Evolutionary developmental biology]] relates the evolution of [[Morphology (biology)|form]] to the precise pattern of gene activity, here [[gap gene]]s in the fruit fly, during embryonic development.<ref>{{cite book | first1=Sean B. |last1=Carroll |first2=Jennifer K. |last2=Grenier |first3=Scott D. |last3=Weatherbee |title=From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design&nbsp;– Second Edition | publisher=Blackwell Publishing| year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4051-1950-4 |pages=66–67}}</ref>]]
{{Main|Evolutionary developmental biology#History}}

[[Ernst Mayr]] recognised the key importance of [[reproductive isolation]] for speciation in his ''[[Systematics and the Origin of Species]]'' (1942).<ref>{{harvnb|Mayr|1942}}</ref>
[[W. D. Hamilton]] conceived of [[kin selection]] in 1964.<ref name=Hamilton>{{Cite journal | last1=Hamilton | first1=W. | title=The genetical evolution of social behaviour | journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology | volume=7 | issue=1 | pages=1–52 | year=1964 | pmid=5875341 | doi=10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4| bibcode=1964JThBi...7....1H | s2cid=5310280 }}</ref> This synthesis cemented natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary theory, where it remains today. A second synthesis was brought about at the end of the 20th century by advances in [[molecular genetics]], creating the field of [[evolutionary developmental biology]] ("evo-devo"), which seeks to explain the evolution of [[Morphology (biology)|form]] in terms of the [[Gene regulatory network|genetic regulatory programs]] which control the development of the embryo at molecular level. Natural selection is here understood to act on embryonic development to change the morphology of the adult body.<ref name=Gilbert2003>{{cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=Scott F. |title=The morphogenesis of evolutionary developmental biology |journal=International Journal of Developmental Biology |date=2003 |volume=47 |issue=7–8 |pages=467–477 |pmid=14756322 |url=http://www.chd.ucsd.edu/_files/fall2008/Gilbert.2003.IJDB.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Gilbert1996>{{cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=S.F.|last2=Opitz |first2=J.M. |last3=Raff |first3=R.A. |title=Resynthesizing Evolutionary and Developmental Biology |journal=Developmental Biology |date=1996 |volume=173 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |doi=10.1006/dbio.1996.0032 |pmid=8605997|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Müller">{{cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=G.B. |title=Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=2007 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=943–949 |doi=10.1038/nrg2219 |pmid=17984972|s2cid=19264907 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first1=Sean B. |last1=Carroll |first2=Jennifer K. |last2=Grenier |first3=Scott D. |last3=Weatherbee |title=From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design&nbsp;– Second Edition | publisher=Blackwell Publishing| year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4051-1950-4 |page=13}}</ref>