Editing National park (section)

===First efforts: Hot Springs, Arkansas and Yosemite Valley===
[[File:Tunnel View, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP - Diliff.jpg|thumb|[[Yosemite Valley]], [[Yosemite National Park]], California, United States]]
The first effort by the U.S. Federal government to set aside such protected lands was on 20 April 1832, when President [[Andrew Jackson]] signed legislation that the [[22nd United States Congress]] had enacted to set aside four sections of land around what is now [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]], to protect the natural, [[thermal spring]]s and adjoining mountainsides for the future disposal of the U.S.&nbsp;government.<ref name=Shugart>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/hosp/historyculture/upload/chronology.web.pdf |title=Hot Springs of Arkansas Through the Years: A Chronology of Events |access-date=30 March 2008 |last=Shugart |first=Sharon |year=2004 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414015510/http://www.nps.gov/hosp/historyculture/upload/chronology.web.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://constitution.org/uslaw/sal/004_statutes_at_large.pdf|chapter=Twenty-Second Congress, Session 1, Chap. 70: An Act authorizing the governor of the territory of Arkansas to lease the salt springs, in said territory, and for other purposes (April 20, 1832)|title=The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to 3 March 1845, Treaties, and Proclamations of the United States of America from December 1863, to December 1865|editor=Peters, Richard|volume=4|location=Boston|publisher=Charles C. Little and James Brown|page=505|year=1866|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115233149/http://constitution.org/uslaw/sal/004_statutes_at_large.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park (1872)|url=http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=45|website=Our Documents.gov|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200955/http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=45|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was known as [[Hot Springs National Park|Hot Springs Reservation]], but no legal authority was established. Federal control of the area was not clearly established until 1877.<ref name=Shugart/> The work of important leaders who fought for animal and land conservation were essential in the development of legal action. Some of these leaders include President Abraham Lincoln, Laurance Rockefeller, President Theodore Roosevelt, John Muir, and First Lady [[Lady Bird Johnson]] to name a few.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mission & History|url=https://www.nationalparks.org/about-foundation/mission-history|access-date=2022-02-11|website=National Park Foundation|language=en|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234521/https://www.nationalparks.org/about-foundation/mission-history|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[John Muir]] is today referred to as the "Father of the National Parks" due to his work in Yosemite.<ref>{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Barbara Kiely|title=John Muir|publisher=Gareth Stevens|year=2008|page=10|isbn=978-0836883183}}</ref> He published two influential articles in [[The Century Magazine]], which formed the base for the subsequent legislation.<ref>John Muir. [http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_treasures_of_the_yosemite/ "Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102195140/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_treasures_of_the_yosemite/ |date=2 November 2014 }} ''The Century Magazine'', Vol. XL. September 1890. No. 5</ref><ref>John Muir. [http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_treasures_of_the_yosemite/ "The Treasures of the Yosemite"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102195140/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_treasures_of_the_yosemite/ |date=2 November 2014 }} ''The Century Magazine'', Vol. XL. August 1890. No. 4</ref>

President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signed an Act of Congress on 1 July 1864, ceding the [[Yosemite Valley]] and the [[Mariposa Grove]] of [[giant sequoia]]s (later becoming [[Yosemite National Park]]) to the state of California. According to this bill, private ownership of the land in this area was no longer possible. The state of California was designated to manage the park for "public use, resort, and recreation". Leases were permitted for up to ten years and the proceeds were to be used for conservation and improvement. A public discussion followed this first legislation of its kind and there was a heated debate over whether the government had the right to create parks. The perceived mismanagement of Yosemite by the Californian state was the reason why Yellowstone was put under national control at its establishment six years later.<ref>Adam Wesley Dean. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141102171047/http://mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/civil_war_history/v056/56.4.dean.pdf ''Natural Glory in the Midst of War: The Establishment of Yosemite State Park''] In: Abstract. ''Civil War History'', Volume 56, Number 4, December 2010, pp. 386–419 | 10.1353/cwh.2010.0008</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://constitution.org/uslaw/sal/013_statutes_at_large.pdf|page=325|chapter=Thirty-Eighth Congress, Session 1, Chap. 184: An Act authorizing a Grant to the State of California of the "Yo-Semite Valley" and of the Land embracing the "Mariposa Big Tree Grove" (June 30, 1864)|title=38th United States Congress, Session 1, 1864. In: The Statutes at Large, Treaties, and Proclamations of the United States of America from December 1863, to December 1865|editor=Sanger, George P.|editor-link=George P. Sanger|volume=13|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=1866|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116010746/http://constitution.org/uslaw/sal/013_statutes_at_large.pdf|archive-date=16 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>