Editing Napoleon (section)

===13 Vendémiaire===
{{Main|13 Vendémiaire}}[[File:13Vendémiaire.jpg|thumb|alt=Etching of a street, there are many pockets of smoke due to a group of republican artillery firing on royalists across the street at the entrance to a building|''Journée du [[13 Vendémiaire]]'', artillery fire in front of the ''[[Church of Saint-Roch, Paris]]'', ''[[Rue Saint-Honoré]]'']]

After the [[Fall of Maximilien Robespierre]] in July 1794, Bonaparte's association with leading Jacobins made him politically suspect to the new regime. He was arrested on 9 August but released two weeks later.<ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2008a|pp=154-55}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Roberts|2014|p=55}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Zamoyski|2018|pp=79-80}}</ref> He was asked to draw up plans to attack Italian positions as part of France's war with Austria, and in March 1795 he took part in an expedition to take back Corsica from the British, but the French were repulsed by the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{harvp|Dwyer|2008a|pages=155-57}}</ref>

From 1794, Bonaparte was in a romantic relationship with [[Désirée Clary]] whose sister [[Julie Clary]] had married Bonaparte's elder brother Joseph.<ref>{{harvp|McLynn|1997|pp=76, 84}}</ref>{{sfnp|Dwyer|2008a|pp=159-63}} In April 1795, Bonaparte was assigned to the [[Army of the West (France)|Army of the West]], which was engaged in the [[War in the Vendée]]—a civil war and royalist counter-revolution in the [[Vendée]] region. As an infantry command, it was a demotion from artillery general, and he pleaded poor health to avoid the posting.<ref>{{harvp|McLynn|1997|p=92}}</ref> During this period, he wrote the romantic novella ''[[Clisson et Eugénie]]'', about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's own relationship with Clary.<ref name="Dwyer 2008a">{{harvp|Dwyer|2008a|page=165-68}}</ref>

In August he obtained a position with the Bureau of Topography where he worked on military planning.<ref name="Dwyer 2008a" /> On 15 September he was removed from the list of generals in regular service for refusing to serve in the Vendée campaign.<ref>{{harvp|McLynn|1997|p=93}}</ref> He sought a transfer to [[Constantinople]] to offer his services to Sultan [[Selim III]]. The request was eventually granted, but he never took up the post.<ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2008a|p=169}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Zamoyski|2018|p=92}}</ref>

On 3 October, royalists in Paris declared a rebellion against the National Convention.<ref name="m962">{{harvp|McLynn|1997|p=96}}</ref> [[Paul Barras]], a leader of the [[Thermidorian Reaction]], knew of Bonaparte's military exploits at Toulon and made him second in command of the forces defending the convention in the [[Tuileries Palace]]. Bonaparte had seen the massacre of the king's [[Swiss Guards|Swiss Guard]] during the [[Insurrection of 10 August 1792]] there three years earlier and realized that artillery would be the key to its defence. He ordered a young cavalry officer, [[Joachim Murat]], to seize cannons, and Bonaparte deployed them in key positions. On 5 October 1795—''13 Vendémiaire An IV'' in the [[French Republican calendar]]—he fired on the rebels with canister rounds (later called: "a whiff of [[grapeshot]]"). About 300 to 1,400 rebels died in the uprising.<ref name="m962" /><ref>{{Harvp|Zamoyski|2018|pp=95-96}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Roberts|2014|pp=65-66}}</ref> Bonaparte's role in defeating the rebellion earned him and his family the patronage of the new government, the [[French Directory]].<ref>{{Harvp|Roberts|2014|pp=67-68}}</ref> On 26 October, he was promoted to commander of the [[Army of the Interior]], and in January 1796 he was appointed head of the Army of Italy.<ref>{{Harvp|Zamoyski|2018|pp=97, 103-04}}</ref>

Within weeks of the ''Vendémiaire'' uprising'','' Bonaparte was romantically involved with [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], the former mistress of Barras. Josephine had been born in the French colonies in the [[Lesser Antilles]], and her family owned slaves on [[Sugar plantations in the Caribbean|sugar plantations]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Knapton |first=Ernest John |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/People/Josephine/KNAEJO/home.html |title=Empress Josephine |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1963 |isbn=978-0674252011 |location=New York |pages=15–16, 18, 20, 22–23 |language=en-US |chapter=Chapter 2: Bird of the Islands |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674188761 |oclc=1740591 |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/People/Josephine/KNAEJO/2*.html}}</ref> The couple married on 9 March 1796 in a civil ceremony.{{sfnp|Englund|2010|pp=92–94}} Bonaparte began to habitually style himself "Napoleon Bonaparte" rather than using the Italian form "Napoleone di Buonaparte."{{sfnp|Chandler|1966|p=3}}<ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2008a|p=xv}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Broers|2015|p=109}}</ref>