Editing Nagasaki (section)

===Atomic bombing of Nagasaki during World War II===
{{main|Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Nagasaki}}
[[File:Nagasakibomb.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|The mushroom cloud from the atomic explosion over Nagasaki at 11:02&nbsp;am, August 9, 1945]]
[[File:Sanno_torii_boxed_in_red.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|An intact ''[[torii]]'' in the foreground and a one-legged torii in the background, Nagasaki, October 1945]]

In the 12 months prior to the nuclear attack, Nagasaki had experienced five small-scale air attacks by an aggregate of 136 U.S. planes which dropped a total of 270 tons of [[high explosive]]s, 53 tons of [[incendiary device|incendiaries]], and 20 tons of [[fragmentation bombs]]. Of these, a raid of August 1, 1945, was the most effective, with a few of the bombs hitting the shipyards and dock areas in the southwest portion of the city, several hitting the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works, and six bombs landing at the Nagasaki Medical School and Hospital, with three direct hits on buildings there. While the damage from these few bombs was relatively small, it created considerable concern in Nagasaki and a number of people, principally school children, were evacuated to rural areas for safety, consequently reducing the population in the city at the time of the atomic attack.<ref name="HYP"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/mp07.asp|title=Avalon Project – The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|access-date=December 27, 2014|archive-date=December 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220192659/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/mp07.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Bradley |first= F.J. |title=No Strategic Targets Left |year=1999 |page=103 |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-5631-1483-0}}</ref>

On the day of the nuclear strike (August 9, 1945) the population in Nagasaki was estimated to be 263,000, which consisted of 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied [[Prisoner of war|POWs]].<ref name="HY">{{Cite web |title=Nagasaki atomic bombing, 1945 |url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1945JAP2.html |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=www.johnstonsarchive.net}}</ref> That day, the [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] ''[[Bockscar]]'', commanded by [[Major (United States)|Major]] [[Charles Sweeney]], departed from [[Tinian]]'s [[North Field (Tinian)|North Field]] just before dawn, this time carrying a [[plutonium bomb]], code named "[[Fat Man]]". The primary target for the bomb was [[Kokura#World War II|Kokura]], with the secondary target being Nagasaki, if the primary target was too cloudy to make a visual sighting. When the plane reached Kokura at 9:44&nbsp;a.m. (10:44&nbsp;am. Tinian Time), the city was obscured by clouds and smoke, as the [[Yahata, Fukuoka|nearby city of Yahata]] had been [[Firebombing|firebombed]] on the previous day – the steel plant in Yahata had also instructed their workforce to intentionally set fire to containers of [[coal tar]], to produce target-obscuring black smoke.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20140726p2a00m0na014000c.html| title=Steel mill worker reveals blocking view of U.S. aircraft on day of Nagasaki atomic bombing| work=Mainichi Weekly| access-date=January 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122171430/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20140726p2a00m0na014000c.html|archive-date=November 22, 2015}}</ref> Unable to make a bombing attack 'on visual' because of the clouds and smoke, and with limited fuel, the plane left the city at 10:30&nbsp;a.m. for the secondary target. After 20 minutes, the plane arrived at 10:50&nbsp;a.m. over Nagasaki, but the city was also concealed by clouds. Desperately short of fuel and after making a couple of bombing runs without obtaining any visual target, the crew was forced to use radar to drop the bomb. At the last minute, the opening of the clouds allowed them to make visual contact with a racetrack in Nagasaki, and they dropped the bomb on the city's [[Urakami|Urakami Valley]] midway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south, and the Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works in the north.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Science of the Manhattan Project |author= Bruce Cameron Reed |date= October 16, 2013 |page=400 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-6424-0296-8}}</ref> The bomb exploded 47 seconds after its release, at 11:02&nbsp;a.m. at an approximate altitude of 1,800 feet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a6652262.shtml|title=BBC - WW2 People's War – Timeline|access-date=February 18, 2020|archive-date=August 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831135828/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a6652262.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

Less than a second after the detonation, the north of the city was destroyed and more than 10% of the city's population were killed.<ref>{{cite book |title=Welcome To Planet Earth – 2050 – Population Zero |author= Robert Hull |date=October 11, 2011 |page=215 |publisher=[[AuthorHouse]] |isbn=978-1-4634-2604-0}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2024|reason=self-published non-[[WP:N|notable]] author}}{{Unreliable fringe source|date=August 2024}} Among the 35,000 deaths were 150 Japanese soldiers, 6,200 out of the 7,500 employees of the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, and 24,000 others (including 2,000 [[Korea_under_Japanese_rule#Deportation_of_forced_labor|Koreans]]). The industrial damage in Nagasaki was high, leaving 68{{nbnd}}80% of the non-dock industrial production destroyed. It was the second and, to date, the last use of a [[nuclear weapon]] in [[combat]], and also the second detonation of a plutonium bomb. The first combat use of a nuclear weapon was the "[[Little Boy]]" bomb, which was dropped on the Japanese city of [[Hiroshima]] on August 6, 1945. The [[Trinity (nuclear test)|first plutonium bomb was tested]] in [[central New Mexico]], United States, on July 16, 1945. The Fat Man bomb was more powerful than the one dropped over Hiroshima, but because of Nagasaki's more uneven terrain, there was less damage.<ref>{{cite book |title=Nuke-Rebuke: Writers & Artists Against Nuclear Energy & Weapons (The Contemporary anthology series) |pages=22–29 |date=May 1, 1984 |publisher=The Spirit That Moves Us Press}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Groves|1962|pp=343–346}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hoddeson|Henriksen|Meade|Westfall|1993|pp=396–397}}</ref>