Editing NATO phonetic alphabet (section)

==History==
Prior to [[World War I]] and the development and widespread adoption of two-way radio that supported voice, [[Spelling alphabet#Telephone spelling alphabets|telephone spelling alphabets]] were developed to improve communication on low-quality and long-distance telephone circuits.

The first non-military internationally recognized spelling alphabet was adopted by the CCIR (predecessor of the [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]) during 1927. The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made during 1932 by the ITU. The resulting alphabet was adopted by the International Commission for Air Navigation, the predecessor of the ICAO, and was used for civil aviation until [[World War II]].<ref name="Rose" /> It continued to be used by the IMO until 1965.

Throughout World War II, many nations used their own versions of a spelling alphabet. The US adopted the [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet#Joint Army/Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet|Joint Army/Navy radiotelephony alphabet]] during 1941 to standardize systems among all branches of its armed forces. The US alphabet became known as ''Able Baker'' after the words for A and B. The [[Royal Air Force]] adopted one similar to the [[United States]] one during World War II as well. Other British forces adopted the [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet#RAF radiotelephony spelling alphabet|RAF radio alphabet]], which is similar to the phonetic alphabet used by the [[Royal Navy]] during World War I. At least two of the terms are sometimes still used by UK civilians to spell words over the phone, namely ''F for Freddie'' and ''S for Sugar''.

To enable the US, UK, and Australian armed forces to communicate during joint operations, in 1943 the CCB (Combined Communications Board; the combination of US and UK upper military commands) modified the US military's Joint Army/Navy alphabet for use by all three nations, with the result being called the US-UK spelling alphabet. It was defined in one or more of CCBP-1: ''Combined Amphibious Communications Instructions'', CCBP3: ''Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure'', and CCBP-7: ''Combined Communication Instructions.'' The CCB alphabet itself was based on the US Joint Army/Navy spelling alphabet. The CCBP (Combined Communications Board Publications) documents contain material formerly published in US Army Field Manuals in the 24-series. Several of these documents had revisions, and were renamed. For instance, CCBP3-2 was the second edition of CCBP3.

During World War II, the US military conducted significant research into spelling alphabets. Major F. D. Handy, directorate of Communications in the Army Air Force (and a member of the working committee of the Combined Communications Board), enlisted the help of Harvard University's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, asking them to determine the most successful word for each letter when using "military interphones in the intense noise encountered in modern warfare." He included lists from the US, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, British Army, AT&T, Western Union, RCA Communications, and that of the International Telecommunications Convention. According to a report on the subject:

{{blockquote|The results showed that many of the words in the military lists had a low level of intelligibility, but that most of the deficiencies could be remedied by the judicious selection of words from the commercial codes and those tested by the laboratory. In a few instances where none of the 250 words could be regarded as especially satisfactory, it was believed possible to discover suitable replacements. Other words were tested and the most intelligible ones were compared with the more desirable lists. A final NDRC list was assembled and recommended to the CCB.<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />}}

After World War II, with many aircraft and ground personnel from the allied armed forces, "Able Baker" was officially adopted for use in international aviation. During the 1946 Second Session of the ICAO Communications Division, the organization adopted the so-called "Able Baker" alphabet<ref name="icaohistory">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/annex_10_aeronautical_telecommunications.htm|title=The Postal History of ICAO: Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications|publisher=ICAO|access-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212211147/https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/annex_10_aeronautical_telecommunications.htm|archive-date=12 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> that was the 1943 US–UK spelling alphabet. However, many sounds were unique to English, so an alternative "Ana Brazil" alphabet was used in Latin America. In spite of this, [[International Air Transport Association|International Air Transport Association (IATA)]], recognizing the need for a single universal alphabet, presented a draft alphabet to the ICAO during 1947 that had sounds common to English, French, Spanish and Portuguese.

From 1948 to 1949, [[Jean-Paul Vinay]], a professor of linguistics at the [[Université de Montréal]], worked closely with the ICAO to research and develop a new spelling alphabet.<ref name="The-Week-2016">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/70110/alpha-bravo-charlie-how-was-natos-phonetic-alphabet-chosen|title=Alpha, Bravo, Charlie: how was Nato's phonetic alphabet chosen?|website=[[The Week]] |date=March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030222144/http://www.theweek.co.uk/70110/alpha-bravo-charlie-how-was-natos-phonetic-alphabet-chosen|archive-date=30 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="icaohistory"/> The directions of ICAO were that "To be considered, a word must:
# Be a live word in each of the three working languages.
# Be easily pronounced and recognized by airmen of all languages.
# Have good radio transmission and readability characteristics.
# Have a similar spelling in at least English, French, and Spanish, and the initial letter must be the letter the word identifies.
# Be free from any association with objectionable meanings."<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
After further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was adopted on {{nowrap|1 November 1951}}, to become effective on 1 April 1952 for civil aviation (but it may not have been adopted by any military).<ref name="Rose" />

Problems were soon found with this list. Some users believed that they were so severe that they reverted to the old "Able Baker" alphabet. Confusion among words like ''Delta'' and ''Extra'', and between ''Nectar'' and ''Victor'', or the poor intelligibility of other words during poor receiving conditions were the main problems. Later in 1952, ICAO decided to revisit the alphabet and their research. To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, principally by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States. In the United States, the research was conducted by the USAF-directed Operational Applications Laboratory (AFCRC, ARDC), to monitor a project with the Research Foundation of [[Ohio State University]]. Among the more interesting of the research findings was that "higher noise levels do not create confusion, but do intensify those confusions already inherent between the words in question".<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />

By early 1956 the ICAO was nearly complete with this research, and published the new official phonetic alphabet in order to account for discrepancies that might arise in communications as a result of multiple alphabet naming systems coexisting in different places and organizations. NATO was in the process of adopting the ICAO spelling alphabet, and apparently felt enough urgency that it adopted the proposed new alphabet with changes based on NATO's own research, to become effective on 1 January 1956,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.nato.int/uploads/r/null/1/2/126367/SGM-0217-55_ENG_PDP.pdf|title=North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-217-55 memorandum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015824/https://archives.nato.int/uploads/r/null/1/2/126367/SGM-0217-55_ENG_PDP.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> but quickly issued a new directive on 1 March 1956<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.nato.int/uploads/r/null/1/2/127604/SGM-0156-56_ENG_PDP.pdf|title=North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-156-56 memorandum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024838/https://archives.nato.int/uploads/r/null/1/2/127604/SGM-0156-56_ENG_PDP.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> adopting the now official ICAO spelling alphabet, which had changed by one word (November) from NATO's earlier request to ICAO to modify a few words based on US Air Force research.

After all of the above study, only the five words representing the letters C, M, N, U, and X were replaced. The ICAO sent a recording of the new ''Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet'' to all member states in November 1955.<ref name="icaohistory"/> The final version given in the [[#Alphabet and pronunciation|table above]] was implemented by the ICAO on {{nowrap|1 March 1956}},<ref name="Rose" /> and the ITU adopted it no later than 1959 when they mandated its usage via their official publication, ''Radio Regulations''.{{sfn|''Radio Regulations''|1959|pp=430–431}} Because the ITU governs all international radio communications, it was also adopted by most radio operators, whether military, civilian, or [[Amateur radio|amateur]]. It was finally adopted by the IMO in 1965.

During 1947 the ITU adopted the compound [[Latinisation of names|Latinate]] prefix-number words (''Nadazero'', ''Unaone'', etc.), later adopted by the IMO during 1965.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
* Nadazero – from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] or [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] nada + NATO/ICAO zero  
* Unaone – generic [[Romance languages|Romance]] una, from [[Latin]] ūna + NATO/ICAO one
* Bissotwo – from Latin bis + NATO/ICAO two. (1959 ITU proposals bis and too)<ref>{{cite web |title=Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Geneva, 1959). Recommendation No. 30 - Relating to the Phonetic Figure Table |pages=605–607 |url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.85 |website=[[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) |access-date=26 June 2021 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701182620/https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/RadioConferences.aspx?conf=4.85 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Terrathree – from [[Italian language|Italian]] terzo + NATO/ICAO three ("tree") (1959 ITU proposals ter and tree)
* Kartefour – from [[French language|French]] quatre (Latin quartus) + NATO/ICAO four ("fow-er") (1959 ITU proposals quarto and fow-er)
* Pantafive – from Greek penta- + NATO/ICAO five ("fife") (From 1959 ITU proposals penta and fife)
* Soxisix – from French soix + NATO/ICAO six (1959 ITU proposals were saxo and six)
* Setteseven – from Italian sette + NATO/ICAO seven (1959 ITU proposals sette and sev-en)
* Oktoeight – generic Romance octo-, from Latin octō + NATO/ICAO eight (1959 ITU proposals octo and ait)
* Novenine – from Italian nove + NATO/ICAO nine ("niner") (1959 ITU proposals were nona and niner)

In the official version of the alphabet,<ref name="alpharadio">{{cite web | url = https://www.icao.int/Pages/AlphabetRadiotelephony.aspx | title = Alphabet – Radiotelephony | website= International Civil Aviation Organization | access-date = 2 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180620153456/https://www.icao.int/Pages/AlphabetRadiotelephony.aspx | archive-date = 20 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref> two spellings deviate from the English norm: ''Alfa'' and ''Juliett''. ''Alfa'' is spelled with an ''f'' as it is in most European languages because the spelling ''Alpha'' may not be pronounced properly by native speakers of some languages – who may not know that ''ph'' should be pronounced as ''f''. The spelling ''Juliett'' is used rather than ''Juliet'' for the benefit of French speakers, because they may otherwise treat a single final ''t'' as silent. For similar reasons, ''Charlie'' and ''Uniform'' have alternative pronunciations where the ''ch'' is pronounced "sh" and the ''u'' is pronounced "oo". Early on, the NATO alliance changed ''X-ray'' to ''Xray'' in its version of the alphabet to ensure that it would be pronounced as one word rather than as two,<ref>Albert Pelsser, [https://applications.icao.int/postalhistory/l_alfabeto_fonetico_internazionale.pdf La storia postale dell' ICAO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721202014/https://applications.icao.int/postalhistory/l_alfabeto_fonetico_internazionale.pdf |date=21 July 2022}}, translated by Nico Michelini</ref> while the global organization ICAO keeps the spelling ''X-ray''.

The alphabet is defined by various international conventions on radio, including:
* Universal Electrical Communications Union (UECU), Washington, D.C., December 1920<ref name="Draft-of-Convention-and-Regulations-1921">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVgNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101|title=Draft of Convention and Regulations, Washington, D.C., December, 1920|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331002924/https://books.google.com/books?id=OVgNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live|year=1921}}</ref>
* International Radiotelegraph Convention, Washington, 1927 (which created the CCIR)<ref name="itu1927">{{Cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/1.4|title=General Regulations and Additional Regulations (Radiotelegraph)|publisher=International Radiotelegraph Convention|location=Washington|date=1927|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701182620/https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/RadioRegulationsA.aspx?reg=1.4|url-status=live}}</ref>
* General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (Madrid, 1932)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/1.5.48.en.100|title=General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations |location=Madrid |date=1932|publisher=International Telecommunication Union|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
* Instructions for the International Telephone Service, 1932 (ITU-T E.141; withdrawn in 1993)
* General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Cairo, 1938)<ref name="itu1938">{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/1.6.48.en.100|title=General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations |location=Cairo |publisher=International Telecommunication Union|date=1938|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
* Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947),<ref name="itu1947">{{cite book|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.62.43.en.100|title=Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations |location=Atlantic City|date= 1947|publisher=International Telecommunication Union |access-date=28 January 2019|ref ={{harvid|ITU|1947}}}}</ref> where "it was decided that the International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aeronautical organizations would assume the responsibility for procedures and regulations related to aeronautical communication. However, ITU would continue to maintain general procedures regarding distress signals."
* 1959 Administrative Radio Conference (Geneva, 1959)<ref name="International-Telecommunication-Union-1959"/>
* [[ITU-R|International Telecommunication Union, Radio]]
* Final Acts of WARC-79 (Geneva, 1979).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S02010000394002PDFE.PDF|title=Final Acts of WARC-79 (Geneva, 1979)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108170745/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S02010000394002PDFE.PDF |archive-date=8 November 2014|publisher=International Telecommunication Union|location=Geneva|date=1980|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> Here the alphabet was formally named "Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code".
* International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (revised 2003)<ref>{{citation|title=International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003)|url=http://www.seasources.net/PDF/PUB102.pdf|year=1969|ref=CITEREFICS1969|access-date=31 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320145733/http://www.seasources.net/PDF/PUB102.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2015|url-status=live}} <!--  Another possible link for pub102:
  {{cite web
 |url=http://www.dr-belair.com/dic/Defence/Sea-Forces/Sea-flags/ICOSbook.pdf
 |title=Archived copy
 |accessdate=26 April 2015
|url-status=dead
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204210900/http://www.dr-belair.com/dic/Defence/Sea-Forces/Sea-flags/ICOSbook.pdf
 |archivedate=4 December 2012
}}
  --></ref>

===Tables===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Timeline in development of the ICAO/ITU-R radiotelephony spelling alphabet
!scope="col"| Letter
!scope="col"| 1920 UECU<ref name="Draft-of-Convention-and-Regulations-1921" />
!scope="col"| 1927 (Washington, D.C.) International Radiotelegraph Convention (CCIR)<ref name="itu1927"/>
!scope="col"| 1932 General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN)<ref name="Don">{{Cite web|url=https://www.faa.gov/news/safety_briefing/2012/media/NovDec2012Translation.pdf|title=(Don't Get) Lost in Translation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216163555/https://www.faa.gov/news/safety_briefing/2012/media/NovDec2012Translation.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Alcorn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.qsl.net/wd8das/RadioCodes.pdf|title=Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations|last=Alcorn|first=John|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603053050/http://www.qsl.net/wd8das/RadioCodes.pdf|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1938 (Cairo) International Radiocommunication Conference code words<ref name="itu1938"/>
!scope="col"| 1947 (Atlantic City) International Radio Conference<ref>{{cite web |title=International Radio Conference (Atlantic City, 1947) |url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.62 |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |access-date=28 January 2019 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701182658/https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/RadioConferences.aspx?conf=4.62 |url-status=live}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1947 ICAO (from 1943 US&ndash;UK)<ref name="Myers-1945">{{Cite book|title=CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure|last1=Myers|first1=G. B.|last2=Charles|first2=B. P.|date=14 February 1945|publisher=Combined Communications Board|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=1–2}}</ref>
<ref name="FM-24">{{Cite web|url=http://www.n7cfo.com/tgph/Dwnlds/sigcorps/FM24-12.pdf|title=FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041642/http://www.n7cfo.com/tgph/Dwnlds/sigcorps/FM24-12.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Alcorn"/>
!scope="col"| 1947 ICAO alphabet (from ARRL{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}<!--the ref only says this happened, but doesn't give the code words-->)<ref name="Item-48-in-the-Friedman-Collection">{{Cite web|url=http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|title=Item 48 in the Friedman Collection: Letter from Everett Conder to William F. Friedman, February 11, 1952.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722003444/http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|archive-date=22 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1947 ICAO Latin America/Caribbean<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
!scope="col"| 1947 IATA proposal to ICAO<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
!scope="col"| 1949 ICAO code words<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO">{{Cite web|url=https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/ICAO-WordSpellingAlphabet_1959.pdf|title=The Evolution and Rationale of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310112903/http://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/ICAO-WordSpellingAlphabet_1959.pdf|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=live|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1951 ICAO code words<ref name="The-Week-2016" />
!scope="col"| 1956 ICAO final code words<ref name="International-Civil-Aviation-Organization-2016" />
!scope="col"| 1959 (Geneva) ITU Administrative Radio Conference code words<ref name="International-Telecommunication-Union-1959">{{Cite book |url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.85.43.en.100.pdf |title=Radio Regulations; Additional Radio Regulations; Additional Protocol; Resolutions and Recommendations |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |pages=430, 607 |date=1959 |location=Geneva |access-date=23 January 2019 |ref={{harvid|Radio Regulations|1959}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031456/http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.85.43.en.100.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1959 ITU pronunciations<ref name="International-Telecommunication-Union-1959" />
!scope="col"| 2008–present ICAO code words<ref name="International-Civil-Aviation-Organization-2016" />
!2005–present IMO pronunciations (English)<ref name="International-Maritime-Organisation" />
!2005–present IMO pronunciations (French)<ref name="International-Maritime-Organisation" />
! scope="col" | 2008–present ICAO pronunciations<ref name="International-Civil-Aviation-Organization-2016" />
!scope="col"| 2018–present NATO pronunciations<ref name="OTAN" />
|-
!scope="row"| A
|Argentine
|Amsterdam
|Amsterdam
|Amsterdam
|Amsterdam
|ABLE
|ADAM
|ANA
|ALPHA
|'''Alfa'''
|'''Alfa'''
|'''Alfa'''
|Alfa
|<u>AL</u> FAH
|Alfa
|'''AL''' FAH
|'''AL''' FAH
|<u>AL</u> FAH
| al-fah
|-
!scope="row"| B
|Brussels
|Baltimore
|Baltimore
|Baltimore
|Baltimore
|BAKER
|BAKER
|BRAZIL
|BETA
|Beta
|'''Bravo'''
|'''Bravo'''
|Bravo
|<u>BRAH</u> VOH
|Bravo
|'''BRAH''' VO
|'''BRA''' VO
|<u>BRAH</u> VOH
| brah-voh
|-
!scope="row"| C
|Canada
|Canada
|Casablanca
|Casablanca
|Casablanca
|'''CHARLIE'''
|'''CHARLIE'''
|COCO
|'''CHARLIE'''
|Coca
|Coca
|'''Charlie'''
|Charlie
|<u>CHAR</u> LEE ''or'' <u>SHAR</u> LEE
|Charlie
|'''CHAR''' LEE (''or'' '''SHAR''' LEE)
|'''TCHAH''' LI (''ou'' '''CHAR''' LI)
|<u>CHAR</u> LEE ''or'' <u>SHAR</u> LEE
| char-lee
|-
!scope="row"| D
|Damascus
|Denmark
|Danemark
|Danemark
|Danemark
|DOG
|DAVID
|DADO
|'''DELTA'''
|'''Delta'''
|'''Delta'''
|'''Delta'''
|Delta
|<u>DELL</u> TAH
|Delta
|'''DELL''' TAH
|'''DEL''' TAH
|<u>DELL</u> TAH
| dell-tah
|-
!scope="row"| E
|Ecuador
|Eddystone
|Edison
|Edison
|Edison
|EASY
|EDWARD
|ELSA
|EDWARD
|'''Echo'''
|'''Echo'''
|'''Echo'''
|Echo
|<u>ECK</u> OH
|Echo
|'''ECK''' O
|'''EK''' O
|<u>ECK</u> OH
| eck-oh
|-
!scope="row"| F
|France
|Francisco
|Florida
|Florida
|Florida
|'''''FOX'''''
|FREDDIE
|FIESTA
|'''''FOX'''''
|'''Foxtrot'''
|'''Foxtrot'''
|'''Foxtrot'''
|Foxtrot
|<u>FOKS</u> TROT
|Foxtrot
|'''FOKS''' TROT
|'''FOX''' TROTT
|<u>FOKS</u> TROT
| foks-trot
|-
!scope="row"| G
|Greece
|Gibraltar
|Gallipoli
|Gallipoli
|Gallipoli
|GEORGE
|GEORGE
|GATO
|GRAMMA
|'''Golf'''
|Gold
|'''Golf'''
|Golf
|GOLF
|Golf
|GOLF
|GOLF
|GOLF
| golf
|-
!scope="row"| H
|Hanover
|Hanover
|Havana
|Havana
|Havana
|HOW
|HARRY
|HOMBRE
|HAVANA
|'''Hotel'''
|'''Hotel'''
|'''Hotel'''
|Hotel
|HOH <u>TELL</u>
|Hotel
|HOH '''TELL'''
|HO '''TÈLL'''
|HO <u>TELL</u>
| hoh-tel
|-
!scope="row"| I
|Italy
|Italy
|Italia
|Italia
|Italia
|ITEM
|IDA
|'''INDIA'''
|ITALY
|'''India'''
|'''India'''
|'''India'''
|India
|<u>IN</u> DEE AH
|India
|'''IN''' DEE AH
|'''IN''' DI AH
|<u>IN</u> DEE AH
| in-dee-ah
|-
!scope="row"| J
|Japan
|Jerusalem
|Jérusalem
|Jérusalem
|Jerusalem
|JIG
|JOHN
|JULIO
|JUPITER
|'''''Julietta'''''
|'''Juliett'''
|'''Juliett'''
|Juliett
|<u>JEW</u> LEE <u>ETT</u>
|Juliett
|'''JEW''' LEE '''ETT'''
|'''DJOU''' LI '''ÈTT'''
|<u>JEW</u> LEE <u>ETT</u>
| jew-lee-ett
|-
!scope="row"| K
|Khartoum
|Kimberley
|'''''Kilogramme'''''
|'''''Kilogramme'''''
|'''''Kilogramme'''''
|KING
|KING
|'''KILO'''
|'''KILO'''
|'''Kilo'''
|'''Kilo'''
|'''Kilo'''
|Kilo
|<u>KEY</u> LOH
|Kilo
|'''KEY''' LOH
|'''KI''' LO
|<u>KEY</u> LOH
| key-loh
|-
!scope="row"| L
|'''Lima'''
|Liverpool
|Liverpool
|Liverpool
|Liverpool
|LOVE
|LEWIS
|LUIS
|LITER
|'''Lima'''
|'''Lima'''
|'''Lima'''
|Lima
|<u>LEE</u> MAH
|Lima
|'''LEE''' MAH
|'''LI''' MAH
|<u>LEE</u> MAH
| lee-mah
|-
!scope="row"| M
|Madrid
|Madagascar
|Madagascar
|Madagascar
|Madagascar
|'''MIKE'''
|MARY
|MAMA
|MAESTRO
|Metro
|Metro
|'''Mike'''
|Mike
|MIKE
|Mike
|MIKE
|'''MA''' ÏK
|MIKE
| mike
|-
!scope="row"| N
|Nancy
|Neufchatel
|New York
|New-York
|New York
|NAN
|NANCY
|NORMA
|NORMA
|Nectar
|Nectar
|'''November'''
|November
|NO <u>VEM</u> BER
|November
|NO '''VEM''' BER
|NO '''VÈMM''' BER
|NO <u>VEM</u> BER
| no-vem-ber
|-
!scope="row"| O
|Ostend
|Ontario
|Oslo
|Oslo
|Oslo
|OBOE
|OTTO
|OPERA
|OPERA
|'''Oscar'''
|'''Oscar'''
|'''Oscar'''
|Oscar
|<u>OSS</u> CAH
|Oscar
|'''OSS''' CAH
|'''OSS''' KAR
|<u>OSS</u> CAH
| oss-cah
|-
!scope="row"| P
|Paris
|Portugal
|Paris
|Paris
|Paris
|PETER
|PETER
|PERU
|PERU
|Polka
|'''Papa'''
|'''Papa'''
|Papa
|PAH <u>PAH</u>
|Papa
|PAH '''PAH'''
|PAH '''PAH'''
|PAH <u>PAH</u>
| pah-pah
|-
!scope="row"| Q
|'''Quebec'''
|'''Quebec'''
|'''Québec'''
|'''Québec'''
|'''Quebec'''
|QUEEN
|QUEEN
|'''QUEBEC'''
|'''QUEBEC'''
|'''Quebec'''
|'''Quebec'''
|'''Quebec'''
|Quebec
|KEH <u>BECK</u>
|Quebec
|KEH '''BECK'''
|KÉ '''BÈK'''
|KEH <u>BECK</u>
| keh-beck
|-
!scope="row"| R
|Rome
|Rivoli
|Roma
|Roma
|Roma
|ROGER
|ROBERT
|ROSA
|ROGER
|'''Romeo'''
|'''Romeo'''
|'''Romeo'''
|Romeo
|<u>ROW</u> ME OH
|Romeo
|'''ROW''' ME OH
|'''RO''' MI O
|<u>ROW</u> ME OH
| row-me-oh
|-
!scope="row"| S
|Sardinia
|Santiago
|Santiago
|Santiago
|Santiago
|SUGAR
|SUSAN
|SARA
|SANTA
|'''Sierra'''
|'''Sierra'''
|'''Sierra'''
|Sierra
|SEE <u>AIR</u> RAH
|Sierra
|SEE '''AIR''' RAH
|SI '''ÈR''' RAH
|SEE <u>AIR</u> RAH
| see-air-rah
|-
!scope="row"| T
|Tokio
|Tokio
|Tripoli
|Tripoli
|Tripoli
|TARE
|THOMAS
|TOMAS
|THOMAS
|'''Tango'''
|'''Tango'''
|'''Tango'''
|Tango
|<u>TANG</u> GO
|Tango
|'''TANG''' GO
|'''TANG''' GO
|<u>TANG</u> GO
| tang-go
|-
!scope="row"| U
|Uruguay
|Uruguay
|Upsala
|Upsala
|Upsala
|UNCLE
|UNION
|URUGUAY
|URSULA
|Union
|Union
|'''Uniform'''
|Uniform
|{{nowrap|<u>YOU</u> NEE FORM}} ''or'' <br /> <u>OO</u> NEE FORM
|Uniform
|'''YOU''' NEE FORM (''or'' '''OO''' NEE FORM)
|'''YOU''' NI FORM (''ou'' '''OU''' NI FORM)
|<u>YOU</u> NEE FORM ''or'' <u>OO</u> NEE FORM
| you-nee-form
|-
!scope="row"| V
|'''''Victoria'''''
|'''''Victoria'''''
|Valencia
|Valencia
|Valencia
|'''VICTOR'''
|'''VICTOR'''
|'''VICTOR'''
|'''VICTOR'''
|'''Victor'''
|'''Victor'''
|'''Victor'''
|Victor
|<u>VIK</u> TAH
|Victor
|'''VIK''' TAH
|'''VIK''' TAR
|<u>VIK</u> TAH
| vic-tah
|-
!scope="row"| W
|Washington
|Washington
|Washington
|Washington
|Washington
|WILLIAM
|WILLIAM
|'''WHISKEY'''
|'''WHISKEY'''
|'''Whiskey'''
|'''Whiskey'''
|'''Whiskey'''
|Whiskey
|<u>WISS</u> KEY
|Whiskey
|'''WISS''' KEY
|'''OUISS''' KI
|<u>WISS</u> KEY
| wiss-key
|-
!scope="row"| X
|Xaintrie
|Xantippe
|Xanthippe
|Xanthippe
|Xanthippe
|'''XRAY'''
|'''X-RAY'''
|EQUIS
|'''X-RAY'''
|eXtra
|eXtra
|'''X-ray'''
|X-ray
|<u>ECKS</u> <u>RAY</u>
|X-ray
|'''ECKS''' RAY
|'''ÈKSS RÉ'''
|<u>ECKS</u> RAY
| ecks-ray
|-
!scope="row"| Y
|Yokohama
|Yokohama
|Yokohama
|Yokohama
|Yokohama
|YOKE
|YOUNG
|YOLANDA
|YORK
|'''Yankey'''
|'''Yankee'''
|'''Yankee'''
|Yankee
|<u>YANG</u> KEY
|Yankee
|'''YANG''' KEY
|'''YANG''' KI
|<u>YANG</u> KEY
| yang-key
|-
!scope="row"| Z
|Zanzibar
|'''''Zululand'''''
|Zürich
|Zurich
|Zurich
|ZEBRA
|ZEBRA
|ZETA
|?
|Zebra
|'''Zulu'''
|'''Zulu'''
|Zulu
|<u>ZOO</u> LOO
|Zulu
|'''ZOO''' LOO
|'''ZOU''' LOU
|<u>ZOO</u> LOO
| zoo-loo
|-
!scope="row"| 0
|
|
|
|Jérusalem<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Jerusalem<ref group="Note" name=":0">Each sequence of figures is both preceded and followed by "as a number" (or, for punctuation only) "as a mark", spoken twice.</ref>
|Zero
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Juliett<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: ZE-RO, ZERO)
|zero
|''(see table of digits)''
|''(see table of digits)''
|ZE-RO
| zee-ro
|-
!scope="row"| 1
|
|
|
|Amsterdam<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Amsterdam<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Wun
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Alfa<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: WUN, WUN)
|one
|
|
|WUN
| wun
|-
!scope="row"| 2
|
|
|
|Baltimore<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Baltimore<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Too
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bravo<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: TOO, BIS)
|two
|
|
|TOO
| too
|-
!scope="row"| 3
|
|
|
|Casablanca<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Casablanca<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Thuh-ree
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Charlie<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: TREE, TER)
|three
|
|
|TREE
|tree
|-
!scope="row"| 4
|
|
|
|Danemark<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Danemark<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Fo-wer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Delta<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: FOW-ER, QUARTO)
|four
|
|
|FOW-er
|fow-er
|-
!scope="row"| 5
|
|
|
|Edison<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Edison<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Fi-yiv
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Echo<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: FIFE, PENTA)
|five
|
|
|FIFE
|fife
|-
!scope="row"| 6
|
|
|
|Florida<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Florida<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Six
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Foxtrot<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: SIX, SAXO)
|six
|
|
|SIX
|six
|-
!scope="row"| 7
|
|
|
|Gallipoli<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Gallipoli<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Seven
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Golf<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: SEV-EN, SETTE)
|seven
|
|
|SEV-en
|sev-en
|-
!scope="row"| 8
|
|
|
|Havana<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Havana<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Ate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hotel<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: AIT, OCTO)
|eight
|
|
|AIT
|ait
|-
!scope="row"| 9
|
|
|
|Italia<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Italia<ref group="Note" name=":0" />
|Niner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|India<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|(alt. proposals: NIN-ER, NONA)
|nine
|
|
|NIN-er
|nin-er
|-
!scope="row"| . (decimal point)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|(proposals: DAY-SEE-MAL, DECIMAL)
|decimal
|DAY-SEE-MAL
|DÉ-SI-MAL
|DAY-SEE-MAL
|-
!scope="row"| Hundred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|hundred
|
|
|HUN-dred
|-
!scope="row"| Thousand
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|(proposals: TOUS-AND, &ndash;)
|thousand
|
|
|TOU-SAND
|-
!scope="row"| ,
|
|
|
|Kilogramme<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Kilogramme<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Kilo<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| / (fraction bar)
|
|
|
|Liverpool<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Liverpool<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Lima<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| (break signal)
|
|
|
|Madagascar<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|Madagascar<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Mike<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| . (punctuation)
|
|
|
|New-York<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|New York<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|November<ref name=":0" group="Note" />
|
|
|STOP
|STOP
|
|}
For the 1938 and 1947 phonetics, each transmission of figures is preceded and followed by the words "as a number" spoken twice.

The ITU adopted the [[International Maritime Organization|IMO]] phonetic spelling alphabet in 1959,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.94.51.en.103 |title=Documents of the World Administrative Radio Conference to deal with matters relating to the maritime mobile service (WARC Mar)|location=Geneva|date=1967|access-date=30 January 2019|publisher=International Telecommunication Union}}</ref> and in 1969 specified that it be "for application in the maritime mobile service only".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/2.118.62.en.100 |title=Report on the Activities of The International Telecommunication Union in 1967|access-date=30 January 2019|date=1968|location=Geneva|publisher=International Telecommunication Union}}</ref>

Pronunciation was not defined prior to 1959. For the post-1959 phonetics, the underlined syllable of each letter word should be emphasized, and each syllable of the code words for the post-1969 figures should be equally emphasized.

=== International aviation ===

The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] for international aircraft communications.<ref name="alpharadio"/><ref name="International-Civil-Aviation-Organization-2016"/><!--
See also [http://www.skiba.com.au/data/resources/av_art/alpha.pdf International Phonetic Alphabet], [http://blog.privatefly.com/history-of-the-nato-phonetic-alphabet HISTORY OF THE NATO PHONETIC ALPHABET] and [http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:nato-phonetic-alphabet What is the phonetic alphabet?] -->

{| class="wikitable"
|+Timeline in development of the ICAO/ITU-R radiotelephony spelling alphabet
!scope="col"| Letter
!scope="col" width=100px| 1932 General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN)<ref name="Don" /><ref name="Alcorn" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1946 ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division (same as [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet|Joint Army/Navy]])<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1947 ICAO (same as 1943 US-UK)<ref name="Myers-1945" />
<ref name="FM-24" /><ref name="Alcorn" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1947 ICAO alphabet (adopted exactly from ARRL<ref name="Item-48-in-the-Friedman-Collection" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1947 ICAO Latin America / Caribbean<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1949 ICAO code words<ref name="The-Evolution-and-Rationale-of-the-ICAO" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1951 ICAO code words<ref name="The-Week-2016" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 1956–present ICAO code words<ref name="International-Civil-Aviation-Organization-2016" />
|-
!scope="row"| A
|Amsterdam
|Able
|ABLE
|ADAM
|ANA
|Alfa
|Alfa
|Alfa
|-
!scope="row"| B
|Baltimore
|Baker
|BAKER
|BAKER
|BRAZIL
|Beta
|Bravo
|Bravo
|-
!scope="row"| C
|Casablanca
|Charlie
|CHARLIE
|CHARLIE
|COCO
|Coca
|Coca
|Charlie
|-
!scope="row"| D
|Danemark
|Dog
|DOG
|DAVID
|DADO
|Delta
|Delta
|Delta
|-
!scope="row"| E
|Edison
|Easy
|EASY
|EDWARD
|ELSA
|Echo
|Echo
|Echo
|-
!scope="row"| F
|Florida
|Fox
|FOX
|FREDDIE
|FIESTA
|Foxtrot
|Foxtrot
|Foxtrot
|-
!scope="row"| G
|Gallipoli
|George
|GEORGE
|GEORGE
|GATO
|Golf
|Gold
|Golf
|-
!scope="row"| H
|Havana
|How
|HOW
|HARRY
|HOMBRE
|Hotel
|Hotel
|Hotel
|-
!scope="row"| I
|Italia
|Item
|ITEM
|IDA
|INDIA
|India
|India
|India
|-
!scope="row"| J
|Jérusalem
|Jig
|JIG
|JOHN
|JULIO
|Julietta
|Juliett
|Juliett
|-
!scope="row"| K
|Kilogramme
|King
|KING
|KING
|KILO
|Kilo
|Kilo
|Kilo
|-
!scope="row"| L
|Liverpool
|Love
|LOVE
|LEWIS
|LUIS
|Lima
|Lima
|Lima
|-
!scope="row"| M
|Madagascar
|Mike
|MIKE
|MARY
|MAMA
|Metro
|Metro
|Mike
|-
!scope="row"| N
|New York
|Nan (later Nickel)
|NAN
|NANCY
|NORMA
|Nectar
|Nectar
|November
|-
!scope="row"| O
|Oslo
|Oboe
|OBOE
|OTTO
|OPERA
|Oscar
|Oscar
|Oscar
|-
!scope="row"| P
|Paris
|Peter
|PETER
|PETER
|PERU
|Polka
|Papa
|Papa
|-
!scope="row"| Q
|Québec
|Queen
|QUEEN
|QUEEN
|QUEBEC
|Quebec
|Quebec
|Quebec
|-
!scope="row"| R
|Roma
|Roger
|ROGER
|ROBERT
|ROSA
|Romeo
|Romeo
|Romeo
|-
!scope="row"| S
|Santiago
|Sail/Sugar
|SUGAR
|SUSAN
|SARA
|Sierra
|Sierra
|Sierra
|-
!scope="row"| T
|Tripoli
|Tare
|TARE
|THOMAS
|TOMAS
|Tango
|Tango
|Tango
|-
!scope="row"| U
|Upsala
|Uncle
|UNCLE
|UNION
|URUGUAY
|Union
|Union
|Uniform
|-
!scope="row"| V
|Valencia
|Victor
|VICTOR
|VICTOR
|VICTOR
|Victor
|Victor
|Victor
|-
!scope="row"| W
|Washington
|William
|WILLIAM
|WILLIAM
|WHISKEY
|Whiskey
|Whiskey
|Whisky
|-
!scope="row"| X
|Xanthippe
|X-ray
|XRAY
|X-RAY
|EQUIS
|X-RAY
|eXtra
|X-ray
|-
!scope="row"| Y
|Yokohama
|Yoke
|YOKE
|YOUNG
|YOLANDA
|Yankey
|Yankee
|Yankee
|-
!scope="row"| Z
|Zürich
|Zebra
|ZEBRA
|ZEBRA
|ZETA
|Zebra
|Zulu
|Zulu
|-
!scope="row"| 0
|
|Zero
|Zero
|
|
|
|
|Zero
|-
!scope="row"| 1
|
|One
|Wun
|
|
|
|
|One
|-
!scope="row"| 2
|
|Two
|Too
|
|
|
|
|Two
|-
!scope="row"| 3
|
|Three
|Thuh-ree
|
|
|
|
|Three
|-
!scope="row"| 4
|
|Four
|Fo-wer
|
|
|
|
|Four
|-
!scope="row"| 5
|
|Five
|Fi-yiv
|
|
|
|
|Five
|-
!scope="row"| 6
|
|Six
|Six
|
|
|
|
|Six
|-
!scope="row"| 7
|
|Seven
|Seven
|
|
|
|
|Seven
|-
!scope="row"| 8
|
|Eight
|Ate
|
|
|
|
|Eight
|-
!scope="row"| 9
|
|Nine
|Niner
|
|
|
|
|Niner
|-
!scope="row"| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Decimal
|-
!scope="row"| 100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hundred
|-
!scope="row"| 1000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Thousand
|}

=== International maritime mobile service ===
The ITU-R Radiotelephony Alphabet is used by the [[International Maritime Organization]] for international marine communications.<!--
See also [http://www.skiba.com.au/data/resources/av_art/alpha.pdf International Phonetic Alphabet], [http://blog.privatefly.com/history-of-the-nato-phonetic-alphabet HISTORY OF THE NATO PHONETIC ALPHABET] and [http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:nato-phonetic-alphabet What is the phonetic alphabet?] -->

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!scope="col"| Letter
!scope="col" width=100px| 1932–1965 IMO code words{{sfn |ITU|1947|p=275E}}
!scope="col" width=100px| 1965–present (WRC-03) IMO code words<ref name="rijekasmcp">{{Cite web|url=http://www.segeln.co.at/media/pdf/smcp.pdf|title=IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)|date=4 April 2000|location=Rijeka|publisher=International Maritime Organization|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222021120/http://www.segeln.co.at/media/pdf/smcp.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
!scope="col" width=100px| 1967 WARC code words<ref name="International-Telecommunication-Union-1967">{{Cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.94.43.en.100|title=Final Acts of WARC Mar|date=1967|location=Geneva|publisher=International Telecommunication Union|access-date=30 January 2019| ref = {{harvid|ITU|1967}}}}</ref>
!scope="col" width=100px| 2000–present IMO SMCP pronunciations<ref name="rijekasmcp"/>
!scope="col" width=100px| 1967 WARC pronunciations<ref name="International-Telecommunication-Union-1967" />
!scope="col" width=100px| 2007–present ITU-R pronunciations<ref name="ITU" />
|-
!scope="row"| A
|Amsterdam
|colspan=2|Alfa
|<u>Al</u>fa
|<u>AL</u> FAH
|<u>AL</u> FAH
|-
!scope="row"| B
|Baltimore
|colspan=2|Bravo
|<u>Bravo</u>
|<u>BRAH</u> VOH
|<u>BRAH</u> VOH
|-
!scope="row"| C
|Casablanca
|colspan=2|Charlie
|<u>Char</u>lie
|<u>CHAR</u> LEE ''or'' <u>SHAR</u> LEE
|<u>CHAR</u> LEE ''or'' <u>SHAR</u> LEE
|-
!scope="row"| D
|Danemark
|colspan=2|Delta
|<u>Del</u>ta
|<u>DELL</u> TAH
|<u>DELL</u> TAH
|-
!scope="row"| E
|Edison
|colspan=2|Echo
|<u>Ech</u>o
|<u>ECK</u> OH
|<u>ECK</u> OH
|-
!scope="row"| F
|Florida
|colspan=2|Foxtrot
|<u>Fox</u>trot
|<u>FOKS</u> TROT
|<u>FOKS</u> TROT
|-
!scope="row"| G
|Gallipoli
|colspan=2|Golf
|Golf
|GOLF
|GOLF
|-
!scope="row"| H
|Havana
|colspan=2|Hotel
|Hot<u>el</u>
|HOH <u>TELL</u>
|HOH <u>TELL</u>
|-
!scope="row"| I
|Italia
|colspan=2|India
|<u>In</u>dia
|<u>IN</u> DEE AH
|<u>IN</u> DEE AH
|-
!scope="row"| J
|Jérusalem
|colspan=2|Juliett
|Juli<u>et</u>
|<u>JEW</u> LEE <u>ETT</u>
|<u>JEW</u> LEE <u>ETT</u>
|-
!scope="row"| K
|Kilogramme
|colspan=2|Kilo
|<u>Ki</u>lo
|<u>KEY</u> LOH
|<u>KEY</u> LOH
|-
!scope="row"| L
|Liverpool
|colspan=2|Lima
|<u>Li</u>ma
|<u>LEE</u> MAH
|<u>LEE</u> MAH
|-
!scope="row"| M
|Madagascar
|colspan=2|Mike
|Mike
|MIKE
|MIKE
|-
!scope="row"| N
|New-York
|colspan=2|November
|Nov<u>em</u>ber
|NO <u>VEM</u> BER
|NO <u>VEM</u> BER
|-
!scope="row"| O
|Oslo
|colspan=2|Oscar
|<u>Os</u>car
|<u>OSS</u> CAH
|<u>OSS</u> CAH
|-
!scope="row"| P
|Paris
|colspan=2|Papa
|<u>Pa</u>pa
|PAH <u>PAH</u>
|PAH <u>PAH</u>
|-
!scope="row"| Q
|Québec
|colspan=2|Quebec
|Que<u>bec</u>
|KEH <u>BECK</u>
|KEH <u>BECK</u>
|-
!scope="row"| R
|Roma
|colspan=2|Romeo
|<u>Ro</u>meo
|<u>ROW</u> ME OH
|<u>ROW</u> ME OH
|-
!scope="row"| S
|Santiago
|colspan=2|Sierra
|Si<u>err</u>a
|SEE <u>AIR</u> RAH
|SEE <u>AIR</u> RAH
|-
!scope="row"| T
|Tripoli
|colspan=2|Tango
|<u>Tan</u>go
|<u>TANG</u> GO
|<u>TANG</u> GO
|-
!scope="row"| U
|Upsala
|colspan=2|Uniform
|<u>Uni</u>form
|{{nowrap|<u>YOU</u> NEE FORM}} ''or'' <br /> <u>OO</u> NEE FORM
|{{nowrap|<u>YOU</u> NEE FORM}} ''or'' <br /> <u>OO</u> NEE FORM
|-
!scope="row"| V
|Valencia
|colspan=2|Victor
|<u>Vic</u>tor
|<u>VIK</u> TAH
|<u>VIK</u> TAH
|-
!scope="row"| W
|Washington
|colspan=2|Whisky
|<u>Whis</u>ky
|<u>WISS</u> KEY
|<u>WISS</u> KEY
|-
!scope="row"| X
|Xanthippe
|colspan=2|X-ray
|<u>X</u>-ray
|<u>ECKS</u> <u>RAY</u>
|<u>ECKS</u> <u>RAY</u>
|-
!scope="row"| Y
|Yokohama
|colspan=2|Yankee
|<u>Yan</u>kee
|<u>YANG</u> KEY
|<u>YANG</u> KEY
|-
!scope="row"| Z
|Zurich
|colspan=2|Zulu
|<u>Zu</u>lu
|<u>ZOO</u> LOO
|<u>ZOO</u> LOO
|-
!scope="row"| 0
|Zero
|<u>ZEE</u>RO
|NADAZERO
|<u>ZEE</u>RO
|NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH
|NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH
|-
!scope="row"| 1
|One
|<u>WUN</u>
|UNAONE
|<u>WUN</u>
|OO-NAH-WUN
|OO-NAH-WUN
|-
!scope="row"| 2
|Two
|<u>TOO</u>
|BISSOTWO
|<u>TOO</u>
|BEES-SOH-TOO
|BEES-SOH-TOO
|-
!scope="row"| 3
|Three
|<u>'''TREE'''</u>
|TERRATHREE
|<u>'''TREE'''</u>
|TAY-RAH-TREE
|TAY-RAH-TREE
|-
!scope="row"| 4
|Four
|'''<u>FOW</u>ER'''
|KARTEFOUR
|'''<u>FOW</u>ER'''
|KAR-TAY-FOWER
|KAR-TAY-FOWER
|-
!scope="row"| 5
|Five
|<u>FIFE</u>
|PANTAFIVE
|<u>FIFE</u>
|PAN-TAH-FIVE
|PAN-TAH-FIVE
|-
!scope="row"| 6
|Six
|SIX
|SOXISIX
|SIX
|SOK-SEE-SIX
|SOK-SEE-SIX
|-
!scope="row"| 7
|Seven
|<u>SE</u>VEN
|SETTESEVEN
|<u>SE</u>VEN
|SAY-TAY-SEVEN
|SAY-TAY-SEVEN
|-
!scope="row"| 8
|Eight
|AIT
|OKTOEIGHT
|AIT
|OK-TOH-AIT
|OK-TOH-AIT
|-
!scope="row"| 9
|Nine
|'''<u>NI</u>NER'''
|NOVENINE
|'''<u>NI</u>NER'''
|NO-VAY-NINER
|NO-VAY-NINER
|-
!scope="row"| .
|
|
|DECIMAL
|
|DAY-SEE-MAL
|DAY-SEE-MAL
|-
!scope="row"| .
|Full stop
|
|STOP
|
|STOP
|STOP
|-
!scope="row"| ,
|Comma
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| 
|Break signal
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ⁄
|Fraction bar
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| 1000
|
|<u>'''TOU'''</u>'''SAND'''
|
|<u>'''TOU'''</u>'''SAND'''
|
|
|}