Editing Muslim Brotherhood (section)

====World War II (1939–1945)====
{{Expand section|date=January 2023}}
Over the course of the war, the Brotherhood displayed pro-Axis sympathies. Worried, the British kept the Brotherhood under firm control by temporarily banning its newsletters, surveiling its meetings and arresting various provincial leaders. al-Banna himself was briefly taken into custody and eventually acknowledged his loyalty to the British, although the latter remained suspicious.<ref>{{cite book| last=Motadel |first=David |title=Islam and Nazi Germany's War |year=2014 |publisher=Harvard University|page=112}}</ref>

[[File:Jawwalah of Muslim Brotherhood 1940s.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A gathering of senior youth scouts (''jawala'', lit. "travellers") in the 1940s.]]

Between 1938 and 1940<ref name=elZalaf_22>{{cite book| last=el Zalaf |first=Ahmed Abou |year=2022 |title=The Muslim Brotherhood and State Repression in Egypt. A History of Secrecy and Militancy in an Islamist Organization |publisher=Bloomsbury|page=22}}</ref> or 1941<ref name=Frampton_69>{{cite book |last=Frampton |first=Martyn |year=2018 |title=The Muslim Brotherhood and the West. A History of Enmity and Engagement |publisher=Harvard University|page=69}}</ref> the Brotherhood formed an armed wing called the [[:ar:النظام الخاص بجماعة الإخوان المسلمين|"Secret Apparatus"]] (''al-Nizam al-Khas''),<ref name=elZalaf_22/> also known as "Special Apparatus".<ref>{{cite book|last=El-Awaisi |first=Abd Al-Fattah Muhammad |year=1998 |title=The Muslim Brothers and the Palestine Question. 1928–1947 |publisher=Tauris Academic Studies|page=110}}</ref> This group was a successor<ref>{{cite book |last=Mellor |first=Noha |year=2017 |title=Voice of the Muslim Brotherhood. Da'wa, Discourse, and Political Communication |publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=112}}</ref> of the "battalions" (''kata'ib'') established in late 1937.<ref>{{cite book| last=el Zalaf |first=Ahmed Abou |year=2022 |title=The Muslim Brotherhood and State Repression in Egypt. A History of Secrecy and Militancy in an Islamist Organization |publisher=Bloomsbury|pages=18–19}}</ref> Its goal was to fight the British until their expulsion from Egypt, British collaborators as well as Zionists.<ref>{{cite book| last=el Zalaf |first=Ahmed Abou |year=2022 |title=The Muslim Brotherhood and State Repression in Egypt. A History of Secrecy and Militancy in an Islamist Organization |publisher=Bloomsbury|pages=22–23}}</ref> It also protected the Brotherhood against the police and infiltrated the Communist movement.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Richard Paul|author-link=Richard P. Mitchell|title=The Society of the Muslim Brothers|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|isbn=9780195084375|pages=32}}</ref> The "Secret Apparatus" was led by a committee of five, with each of them commanding one tightly knit cell.<ref name=elZalaf_24-25/> Only the most committed members,<ref name=Frampton_69/> mostly young students or men with salaried jobs,<ref name=elZalaf_24-25>{{cite book| last=el Zalaf |first=Ahmed Abou |year=2022 |title=The Muslim Brotherhood and State Repression in Egypt. A History of Secrecy and Militancy in an Islamist Organization |publisher=Bloomsbury|pages=24–25}}</ref> were invited to join. New members of the "Secret Apparatus" were taught to obey, were given weapons,<ref name=Frampton_69/> underwent heavy physical training and were taught the concepts of Jihad and underground operations. The result was a zealous elite force.<ref name=elZalaf_24-25/> Its first operation was allegedly towards the end of World War II, when members of the group threw a bomb at a British club.<ref name=Frampton_69/> Militarized youth sections were also raised, namely the junior ''kashafa'' ("scouts") and the more senior ''jawala'' ("travellers").<ref>{{cite book| last=de Waal |first=Alex |year=2004 |title=Islamism and its Enemies in the Horn of Africa |editor=Alex de Waal |chapter=On the Failure and Persistance of Jihad |publisher=C. Hurst & Co.| page=55}}</ref>

In 1948, al-Banna denounced fascism and militarism in his book ''Peace in Islam'':<blockquote>"Nazism came to power in Germany, Fascism in Italy and both Hitler and Mussolini began to force their people to conform to what they thought; unity, order, development, and power. Certainly, this system led the two countries to stability and a vital international role. This cultivated much hope, reawakened aspiration, and united the whole country under one leader. Then what happened? It became apparent that these seemingly powerful systems were a real disaster. The inspiration and aspirations of the people were shattered and the system of democracy did not lead to the empowerment of the people but to the establishment of chosen tyrants. Eventually after a deadly war in which innumerable men, women, and children died, these regimes collapsed."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peace in Islam – Hasan Al-Banna |url=https://islamicbulletin.org/en/ebooks/resources/peace_in_islam.pdf |website=The Islamic Bulletin |quote=Nazism came to power in Germany, Fascism in Italy and both Hitler and Mussolini began to force their people to conform to what they thought; unity, order, development and power. Certainly, this system led the two countries to stability and a vital international role. This cultivated much hope, reawakened aspiration and united the whole country under one leader. Then what happened? It became apparent that these seemingly powerful systems were a real disaster. The inspiration and aspirations of the people were shattered and the system of democracy did not lead to the empowerment of the people but to the establishment of chosen tyrants. Eventually after a deadly war in which innumerable men women and children died, these regimes collapsed}}</ref></blockquote>