Editing Murmansk (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Photographing Murmansk from Omni Hotel Murmansk.jpg|thumb|View of Murmansk]]

===Climate===
Murmansk experiences a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfc''), with long and cold (though average by [[arctic]] standards) winters and short, cool summers. In the city, freezing temperatures are routinely experienced from October to May. Average temperatures exceed 0 degrees Celsius only from May through October. The average low during the coldest part of the year in Murmansk is approximately {{convert|-14|C}}. However, temperatures routinely plunge below {{convert|-20|C}} during the winter.

Murmansk's brief summer is mild, with average highs in July exceeding {{convert|+17|C}}. The city is slightly wetter during the summer than the winter and receives an annual average of just under {{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}} of [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]].

The "[[midnight sun]]" is above the horizon from 22 May to 23 July (63 days), and the period with continuous darkness is somewhat shorter — the [[polar night]] lasts from 2 December to 10 January (40 days).

Extreme temperatures range from {{convert|−39.4|C}} on January 6, 1985, and January 27, 1999, up to {{convert|32.9|C}} on July 9, 1972; the record cold daily maximum is {{convert|−36.1|C}}, set on January 6, 1985, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|21.3|C}} last set on July 9, 1972.<ref>{{cite web |title=Météo Climat stats for Mourmansk |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=230 |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Météo Climat |language=fr}}</ref>

Murmansk has been affected by [[global warming]] in recent decades, [[Climate change in the Arctic|similar to other Arctic locations]]. For example, December 2007 had an average high of {{convert|0.8|C}}, while a {{convert|2.3|C}} average high was measured for March 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=December 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=12&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=March 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=3&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref> Summer has also been affected, with a {{convert|19.1|C}} average high for June 2013, and a {{convert|24.3|C}} average high during July 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=June 2013 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=6&year=2013 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=July 2018 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=7&year=2018 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Murmansk (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 7.0
| Feb record high C = 6.6
| Mar record high C = 9.0
| Apr record high C = 17.6
| May record high C = 29.4
| Jun record high C = 30.8
| Jul record high C = 32.9
| Aug record high C = 30.2
| Sep record high C = 24.2
| Oct record high C = 15.0
| Nov record high C = 11.7
| Dec record high C = 7.2
| year record high C = 32.9
| Jan avg record high C = 1.7
| Feb avg record high C = 2.0
| Mar avg record high C = 4.5
| Apr avg record high C = 10.3
| May avg record high C = 19.1
| Jun avg record high C = 24.4
| Jul avg record high C = 26.9
| Aug avg record high C = 23.9
| Sep avg record high C = 17.8
| Oct avg record high C = 9.7
| Nov avg record high C = 3.9
| Dec avg record high C = 2.9
| year avg record high C = 27.7
| Jan high C = -6.5
| Feb high C = -6.4
| Mar high C = -1.9
| Apr high C = 2.9
| May high C = 8.4
| Jun high C = 13.8
| Jul high C = 17.7
| Aug high C = 15.3
| Sep high C = 10.7
| Oct high C = 3.6
| Nov high C = -1.8
| Dec high C = -4.1
| year high C = 4.3
| Jan mean C = -9.6
| Feb mean C = -9.3
| Mar mean C = -5.1
| Apr mean C = -0.3
| May mean C = 4.6
| Jun mean C = 9.4
| Jul mean C = 13.2
| Aug mean C = 11.5
| Sep mean C = 7.6
| Oct mean C = 1.6
| Nov mean C = -4.0
| Dec mean C = -6.8
| year mean C = 1.1
| Jan low C = -12.7
| Feb low C = -12.3
| Mar low C = -8.2
| Apr low C = -3.3
| May low C = 1.5
| Jun low C = 5.9
| Jul low C = 9.6
| Aug low C = 8.3
| Sep low C = 5.1
| Oct low C = -0.3
| Nov low C = -6.2
| Dec low C = -9.6
| year low C = -1.8
| Jan avg record low C = -25.1
| Feb avg record low C = -24.4
| Mar avg record low C = -19.1
| Apr avg record low C = -12.1
| May avg record low C = -3.8
| Jun avg record low C = 1.2
| Jul avg record low C = 5.2
| Aug avg record low C = 3.2
| Sep avg record low C = -0.4
| Oct avg record low C = -8.1
| Nov avg record low C = -16.4
| Dec avg record low C = -20.7
| year avg record low C = -28.5
| Jan record low C = -39.4
| Feb record low C = -38.6
| Mar record low C = -32.6
| Apr record low C = -24.0
| May record low C = -10.3
| Jun record low C = -2.8
| Jul record low C = 1.7
| Aug record low C = -2.0
| Sep record low C = -10.1
| Oct record low C = -21.2
| Nov record low C = -32.2
| Dec record low C = -34.9
| year record low C = -39.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 34
| Feb precipitation mm = 24
| Mar precipitation mm = 29
| Apr precipitation mm = 29
| May precipitation mm = 37
| Jun precipitation mm = 56
| Jul precipitation mm = 66
| Aug precipitation mm = 71
| Sep precipitation mm = 54
| Oct precipitation mm = 56
| Nov precipitation mm = 36
| Dec precipitation mm = 37
| year precipitation mm = 529
| Jan snow depth cm = 26
| Feb snow depth cm = 28
| Mar snow depth cm = 30
| Apr snow depth cm = 19
| May snow depth cm = 2
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 3
| Nov snow depth cm = 11
| Dec snow depth cm = 19
| year snow depth cm = 30
| Jan humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 83
| Mar humidity = 79
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 72
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 80
| Oct humidity = 83
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 85
| year humidity = 79
| Jan rain days = 2
| Feb rain days = 2
| Mar rain days = 3
| Apr rain days = 9
| May rain days = 18
| Jun rain days = 22
| Jul rain days = 22
| Aug rain days = 22
| Sep rain days = 24
| Oct rain days = 17
| Nov rain days = 5
| Dec rain days = 3
| year rain days = 149
| Jan snow days = 27
| Feb snow days = 28
| Mar snow days = 24
| Apr snow days = 19
| May snow days = 14
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 20
| Nov snow days = 24
| Dec snow days = 27
| year snow days = 183
| Jan sun = 1.9
| Feb sun = 44.5
| Mar sun = 133.4
| Apr sun = 188.6
| May sun = 205.2
| Jun sun = 234.8
| Jul sun = 249.4
| Aug sun = 165.4
| Sep sun = 108.3
| Oct sun = 51.7
| Nov sun = 5.8
| Dec sun = 0
| year sun = 
|source 1=Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |script-title=ru:Климат Мурманска |trans-title=The Climate of Murmansk |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22113.htm |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) |language=ru}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |title=Murmansk Climate Normals 1991–2020 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Murmansk_22113.csv|access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> Infoclimat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/murmansk/valeurs/22113.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Murmansk|publisher=Infoclimat|language=|access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"
|-
!Colspan=14|Sea temperature data for Murmansk
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-29.8}}"|3.4<br />(38.12)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-32.5}}"|2.5<br />(36.5)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-34.3}}"|1.9<br />(35.42)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-33.4}}"|2.2<br />(35.96)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-28.3}}"|3.9<br />(35.96)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-18.7}}"|7.1<br />(44.78)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-8.5}}"|10.5<br />(50.9)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.3}}"|10.9<br />(51.62)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-13}}"|9<br />(48.2)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-19}}"|7<br />(44.6)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-24.1}}"|5.3<br />(41.54)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-26.2}}"|4.6<br />(40.28)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-22.93}}"|5.69<br />(42.245)
|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#fff; font-weight:normal; font-size:100%;"|Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russia.pogoda360.ru/807161/|title = Погода в Мурманске сейчас. Температура воды в море. Подробный прогноз. Мурманск на карте погоды}}</ref>
|}