Editing Montmartre (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 064.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The ''[[Bal du moulin de la Galette]]'' by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] (1876) depicts a Sunday afternoon dance in Montmartre.]]
[[File:Louis-Émile Durandelle, Construction du Sacré-Cœur, 1882.jpg|thumbnail|250px|Construction of the Sacré-Cœur, 10 March 1882]]
Russian soldiers occupied Montmartre during the [[Battle of Paris (1814)|Battle of Paris]] in 1814. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city.

Montmartre remained outside of the city limits of Paris until January 1, 1860, when it was annexed to the city along with other communities (''faubourgs'') surrounding Paris, and became part of the [[18th arrondissement of Paris]].

In 1871, Montmartre was the site of the beginning of the revolutionary uprising of the [[Paris Commune]]. During the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the French army had stored a large number of cannon in a park at the top of the hill, near where the basilica is today. On 18 March 1871, the soldiers from the French Army tried to remove the cannon from the hilltop. They were blocked by members of the politically radicalised Paris [[National Guard (France)|National Guard]], who captured and then killed two French army generals, and installed a revolutionary government that lasted two months. The heights of Montmartre were retaken by the French Army with heavy fighting at the end of May 1871, during what became known as the [[Semaine Sanglante]], or "Bloody Week".<ref>Sarmant, Thierry, ''Histoire de Paris'', p. 196.</ref>
 
In 1870, the future French prime minister during World War I, [[Georges Clemenceau]], was appointed mayor of the 18th arrondissement, including Montmartre, by the new government of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]], and was also elected to the [[National Assembly (1871)|National Assembly]]. A member of the radical republican party, Clemenceau tried unsuccessfully to find a peaceful compromise between the even more radical Paris Commune and the more conservative French government. The Commune refused to recognize him as mayor, and seized the town hall. He ran for a seat in the council of the Paris Commune, but received less than eight hundred votes. He did not participate in the Commune, and was out of the city when the Commune was suppressed by the French army. In 1876, he again was elected as deputy for Montmartre and the 18th arrondissement.<ref>Milza, Pierre, ''L'année terrible – La Commune (mars-juin 1871)''</ref>

The Basilica of the [[Sacré-Cœur, Paris|Sacré-Cœur]] was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1919, financed by public subscription as a gesture of [[expiation]] for the suffering of France during the [[Franco-Prussian War]]. Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and near it artists set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of the ''place du Tertre''.

By the 19th century, the butte was famous for its cafés, [[guinguettes]] with public dancing, and cabarets. [[Le Chat Noir]] at 84 ''boulevard de Rochechouart'' was founded in 1881 by [[Rodolphe Salis]], and became a popular haunt for writers and poets. The composer [[Eric Satie]] earned money by playing the piano there. The [[Moulin Rouge]] at 94 ''boulevard de Clichy'' was founded in 1889 by [[Joseph Oller]] and [[Charles Zidler]]; it became the birthplace of the French [[cancan]].<ref>''Dictionnaire historique de Paris'', p. 478</ref>  Artists who performed in the cabarets of Montmartre included [[Yvette Guilbert]], [[Marcelle Lender]], [[Aristide Bruant]], [[La Goulue]], [[Georges Guibourg]], [[Mistinguett]], [[Fréhel]], [[Jane Avril]], and [[Marie-Louise Damien|Damia]].