Editing Monticello (section)

==Quarters for slaves on Mulberry Row==
{{Further|Thomas Jefferson and slavery#Monticello slave life}}
Jefferson located one set of his [[Slave quarters in the United States|quarters for enslaved people]] on Mulberry Row, a {{cvt|1000|ft|m|adj=on|spell=in}} road of slave, service, and industrial structures. Mulberry Row was situated {{cvt|300|ft|m|-2|spell=in}} south of Monticello, with the quarters facing the Jefferson mansion. These cabins were occupied by the black slaves who worked in the mansion or in Jefferson's manufacturing ventures, and not by those who labored in the fields. At one point, "Jefferson sketched out plans for a row of substantial, dignified neoclassical houses" for Mulberry Row, for enslaved blacks and white workers, "having in mind an integrated row of residences."<ref>{{cite book |last=Henry |first=Wiencek |title=Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |date=2012 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/masterofmountain0000wien/page/34 34] |url=https://archive.org/details/masterofmountain0000wien/page/34 |isbn=978-0-374-29956-9}}</ref>

[[Archaeology]] of the site shows that the rooms of the cabins were much larger in the 1770s than in the 1790s. Researchers disagree as to whether this indicates that more enslaved people were crowded into smaller spaces, or that fewer people lived in the smaller spaces.<ref name="Neiman"/> Earlier quarters for enslaved people had a two-room plan, one family per room, with a single, shared doorway to the outside. But from the 1790s on, all rooms/families had independent doorways. Most of the cabins are free-standing, single-room structures.<ref name="Neiman"/>

By the time of Jefferson's death, some enslaved families had labored and lived for four generations at Monticello.<ref name="Neiman">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/saf/1301/features/archeology.htm |title=Changing Landscapes: Slave Housing at Monticello by Fraser D. Neiman, Director of Archeology for the Thomas Jefferson Foundation |publisher=pbs.org |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=September 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920035133/http://www.pbs.org/saf/1301/features/archeology.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Thomas Jefferson recorded his strategy for [[Child labour|child labor]] in his Farm Book. Until the age of 10, children served as nurses. When the plantation grew tobacco, children were at a good height to remove and kill [[Tobacco Worm|tobacco worms]] from the crops.<ref name="TJ - children" /> Once he began growing wheat, fewer people were needed to maintain the crops, so Jefferson established manual trades. He stated that children "go into the ground or learn trades". When girls were 16, they began spinning and weaving textiles. Boys made nails from age 10 to 16. In 1794, Jefferson had a dozen boys working at the nailery.<ref name="TJ - children">{{Cite web |title=The Dark Side of Thomas Jefferson |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dark-side-of-thomas-jefferson-35976004/ |access-date=May 9, 2021 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |archive-date=November 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125152603/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dark-side-of-thomas-jefferson-35976004/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While working at the nailery, boys received more food (during this period, [[cornmeal]] and [[salted fish]] were common rations for the enslaved) and may have received new clothes if they did a good job. After the nailery, boys became blacksmiths, coopers, carpenters, or house servants.<ref name="TJ - children" />

Six families and their descendants were featured in the exhibit, ''Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty'' (January to October 2012) at the [[Smithsonian]]'s [[National Museum of American History]], which also examined Jefferson as an enslaver. Developed as a collaboration between the [[National Museum of African American History and Culture]] and Monticello, it is the first exhibit on the national mall to address such issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/slavery/paradox-of-liberty/ |title=slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty |access-date=May 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517023356/http://slavery.monticello.org/slavery-at-monticello |archive-date=May 17, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2012, Monticello opened a new outdoor exhibit on its grounds: ''Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello,'' to convey more about the lives of the hundreds of slaves who lived and worked at the plantation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org |title=Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413122838/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/slavery-at-monticello/life-monticello-plantation/treatment |archive-date=April 13, 2012}}</ref>