Editing Montgolfier brothers (section)

===Piloted flight, autumn 1783===

[[File:1783 balloonj.jpg|right|thumb|235px|A 1786 depiction of the Montgolfier brothers' historic balloon with engineering data. Translated details are available on the image hosting page.]]
Since the animals survived, the king allowed flights with humans. Again in collaboration with Réveillon, Étienne built a {{convert|60000|cuft|m3|adj=on}} balloon for the purpose of making flights with humans. It was about {{convert|23|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall and about {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter. Réveillon supplied rich decorative touches of gold figures on a deep blue background, including fleur-de-lis, signs of the zodiac, and suns with Louis XVI's face in the center interlaced with the royal monogram in the central section. Red and blue drapery and golden eagles were at the base of the balloon. Étienne Montgolfier was the first human to lift off the Earth in a balloon, making a tethered test flight from the yard of the Réveillon workshop in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]], most likely on 15 October 1783. A little while later on that same day, physicist [[Pilâtre de Rozier]] became the second to ascend into the air, to an altitude of {{convert|80|ft|m}}, which was the length of the tether.<ref name = Crouch>{{cite book| title = Lighter Than Air| author = Crouch, Tom Davis | pages= 28, 178| publisher= The Johns Hopkins University Press| year = 2009}}</ref><ref name = Gillispie>{{cite book| author = Gillispie, Charles | title = The Montgolfier Brothers, and the Invention of Aviation| pages = 45, 46, 178, 179, 183–185| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]| year = 1983}}</ref>

[[File:Model for a Proposed Monument to Commemorate the Invention of the Balloon MET DP248127.jpg|thumb|left|''Proposed Monument to Commemorate the Invention of the Balloon'' by [[Claude Michel]], c. 1784]]
On 21 November 1783, the first free flight by humans was made by [[Pilâtre de Rozier]], together with an army officer, the [[marquis d'Arlandes]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/Early_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe/LTA1.htm| title = U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission: Early Balloon Flight in Europe| access-date = 2008-06-04| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602012700/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/Early_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe/LTA1.htm| archive-date = 2 June 2008| df = dmy-all}}</ref> The flight began from the grounds of the [[Château de la Muette]] close to the [[Bois de Boulogne]] park in the western outskirts of Paris. They flew about {{convert|3000|ft|m}} above [[Paris]] for a distance of nine kilometers. After 25 minutes, the balloon landed between the windmills, outside the city ramparts, on the [[Butte-aux-Cailles]]. Enough fuel remained on board at the end of the flight to have allowed the balloon to fly four to five times as far. However, burning embers from the fire were scorching the balloon fabric and had to be daubed out with sponges. As it appeared it could destroy the balloon, Pilâtre took off his coat to stop the fire.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

The early flights made a sensation. During those first few years, numerous items, such as fans, furniture, handkerchiefs, pencil boxes, umbrella tops, etc., could be found with ballooning images engraved on them. Some items would be celebrating specific ballooning events, while others would be celebrating ballooning itself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brant |first=Clare |title=Balloon Madness: Flights of Imagination in Britain, 1783–1786 |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-78327-253-2 |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 1783, father Pierre Montgolfier was elevated to the nobility and the hereditary appellation of '''de Montgolfier''' by King [[Louis XVI of France]]. 
[[File:Montgolfier Balloon.JPG|thumb|right|150px|A model of the Montgolfier brothers' balloon at the [[London Science Museum]]]]