Editing Monterrey (section)

===After Mexican Independence (19th century)===
[[File:Monterrey to the west October 1846.jpg|thumb|Monterrey in 1846]]
In the 19th century, after the [[Mexican Independence War]], Monterrey rose as a key economic center for the newly formed nation, especially due to its balanced ties between Europe (with its connections to Tampico), the United States (with its connections to San Antonio), and the capital (through Saltillo). In 1824, the "New Kingdom of León" became the State of [[Nuevo León]], and Monterrey was selected as its capital. But the political instability that followed the first 50 years of the new country allowed two American invasions and an internal secession war, during which the governor of the state annexed [[Coahuila]] and [[Tamaulipas]] states, designating Monterrey as the capital of the [[Republic of the Sierra Madre]] as it did before in 1840 for the [[Republic of the Rio Grande]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 1846, the earliest large-scale engagement of the [[Mexican–American War]] took place in the city, known as the [[Battle of Monterrey]]. Mexican forces were forced to surrender but only after successfully repelling U.S. forces' first few advances on the city. The battle inflicted high casualties on both sides, much of them resulting from hand-to-hand combat within the walls of the city center. Many of the generals in the [[Second French intervention in Mexico|Mexican War against France]] were natives of the city, including [[Mariano Escobedo]], [[Juan Zuazua]] (b. Lampazos de Naranjo, NL) and [[Jerónimo Treviño]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

The brewery [[Cervecería Cuauhtémoc]], one of the milestone local enterprises, was founded in 1890.