Editing Mongols (section)

===Mongol Empire===
{{Main|Mongol Empire|Northern Yuan}}
[[File:YuanEmperorAlbumKhubilaiPortrait.jpg|thumb|A portrait of [[Kublai Khan]] by [[Araniko]] (1245–1306)]]
[[File:Anonymous - Tartar Huntsman - 19.166 - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|Mongol huntsmen, [[Ming dynasty]]]]

The destruction of Uyghur Khaganate by the Kirghiz resulted in the end of Turkic dominance in Mongolia. According to historians, Kirghiz were not interested in assimilating newly acquired lands; instead, they controlled local tribes through various ''[[manap]]s'' (tribal leaders). The Khitans occupied the areas vacated by the Turkic Uyghurs bringing them under their control. The [[Yenisei Kirghiz]] state was centered on [[Khakassia]] and they were expelled from Mongolia by the Khitans in 924. Beginning in the 10th century, the Khitans, under the leadership of [[Abaoji]], prevailed in several military campaigns against the [[Tang dynasty]]{{'}}s border guards, and the [[Kumo Xi|Xi]], [[Shiwei people|Shiwei]] and [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] nomadic groups.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = The Other Press| isbn = 978-983-9541-88-5| last = San| first = Tan Koon| title = Dynastic China: An Elementary History| date = 2014-08-15}}</ref>

Remnants of the Liao dynasty led by [[Yelü Dashi]] fled west through Mongolia after being defeated by the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]]-led [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] and founded the [[Qara Khitai]] (Western Liao dynasty) in 1124 while still maintaining control over western Mongolia. In 1218, [[Genghis Khan]] incorporated the Qara Khitai after which the Khitan passed into obscurity. Some remnants surfaced as the [[Qutlugh-Khanids|Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty]] (1222–1306) in Iran and the [[Dai Khitai (Hazara tribe)|Dai Khitai]] in Afghanistan. With the expansion of the Mongol Empire, the Mongolic peoples settled over almost all Eurasia and carried on military campaigns from the [[Adriatic Sea]] to [[Indonesia]]n [[Java]] and from [[Mongol invasion of Japan|Japan]] to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. They simultaneously became [[Padishah]]s of [[Persia]], [[Emperors of China]], and [[Great Khans]] of the Mongols, and one ([[Al-Adil Kitbugha]]) became [[Sultan of Egypt]]. The Mongolic peoples of the [[Golden Horde]] established themselves to govern Russia by 1240.<ref name="Jerry Bentley 1993">Jerry Bentley, ''Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchange in Pre-Modern Times'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 136.</ref> By 1279, they conquered the Song dynasty and brought all of [[China proper]] under the control of the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref name="Jerry Bentley 1993"/>

{{blockquote|... from Chinggis up high down to the common people, all are shaven in the style ''pojiao''. As with small boys in China, they leave three locks, one hanging from the crown of their heads. When it has grown some, they clip it; the strands lower on both sides they plait to hang down on the shoulders.{{sfn|Garcia|2012|p=325}}|Zhao Gong}}

With the breakup of the empire, the dispersed Mongolic peoples quickly adopted the mostly Turkic cultures surrounding them and were assimilated, forming parts of Afghanistan's [[Hazaras]], [[Azerbaijanis]], [[Uzbeks]], [[Karakalpaks]], [[Tatars]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Turkmens]], [[Uyghurs]], [[Nogais]], [[Kyrgyzs]], [[Kazakhs]], [[People of Caucasus|Caucasus peoples]], [[Iranian peoples]] and [[Mughal (tribe)|Moghuls]]; linguistic and cultural [[Persianization]] also began to be prominent in these territories. Some Mongols assimilated into the [[Yakuts]] after their migration to northern Siberia and about 30% of [[Yakut language|Yakut words]] have Mongol origin. However, remnants of the Yuan imperial family retreated north to Mongolia in 1368, retaining their language and culture. There were 250,000 Mongols in southern China and many Mongols were massacred by the rebel army. The survivors were trapped in southern China and eventually assimilated. The [[Dongxiangs]], [[Bonans]], [[Yugur]] and [[Monguor people]] were invaded by the [[Ming dynasty]].