Editing Monarchy of Ireland (section)

==Lordship of Ireland: 1171–1542==
{{Main|Lordship of Ireland}}
[[File:Edward Bruce Grave stone.jpg|thumb|Grave marker of [[Edward Bruce]] who claimed the title of [[High King of Ireland|High King]] between 1315 and 1318; he is described as "King of Ireland."]]

By the time of Ruaidrí's reign in 1171, King [[Henry II of England]] had [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland|invaded Ireland]] and given the part of it he controlled to his son [[John, King of England|John]] as a Lordship when John was just ten years old in 1177. When John succeeded to the English throne in 1199, he remained Lord of Ireland thereby bringing the kingdom of England and the lordship of Ireland into [[personal union]]. By the mid-13th century, while the island was nominally ruled by the king of England, from c.1260 the effective area of control began to recede. As various [[Cambro-Norman]] noble families died out in the male line, the [[Gaelic nobility of Ireland|Gaelic nobility]] began to reclaim lost territory. Successive English kings did little to stem the tide, instead using Ireland to draw upon men and supplies in the wars in [[Scotland]] and France.

By the 1390s the Lordship had effectively shrunk to [[the Pale]] (a fortified area around the city of Dublin) with the rest of the island under the control of independent Gaelic-Irish or rebel Cambro-Norman noble families. King [[Richard II of England]] made two journeys to Ireland during his reign to rectify the situation; as a direct result of his second visit in 1399 he lost his throne to [[Henry Bolingbroke]]. This was the last time that a medieval king of England visited Ireland.

For the duration of the 15th century, royal power in Ireland was weak, the country being dominated by the various clans and dynasties of Gaelic ([[O'Neill dynasty|O'Neill]], [[O'Brien dynasty|O'Brien]], [[MacCarthy dynasty|MacCarthy]]) or Cambro-Norman ([[House of Burke|Burke]], [[FitzGerald dynasty|FitzGerald]], [[Butler dynasty|Butler]]) origin.

===Lords of Ireland, 1177–1542===
{{See also|List of English monarchs}}
* [[John, King of England|John]] (1177–1216)
** First man to be made [[Lord of Ireland]] and established the precedent that that Lord would also be [[King of England]].
**[[Louis VIII of France|Prince Louis of France]] invaded England in May 1216 and seized control of half the kingdom, but was defeated in September 1217 and agreed to give up his claim to the throne.
* [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] (1216–1272)
** Henry III granted Ireland to his son, Edward I, in 1254 on condition that it would never be separated from the Crown.
** [[Brian Ua Néill]] claimed the title of [[High King of Ireland]] from 1258 to 1260, until his defeat and death in the [[Battle of Druim Dearg]] (also known as the Battle of Down).
* [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] (1272–1307)
* [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] (1307–1327)
**[[Edward Bruce]], Earl of Carrick and brother of [[Robert the Bruce|Robert Bruce]], [[List of Scottish monarchs|King of Scotland]], declared himself [[High King of Ireland]] during a failed rebellion of 1315–1318, which formed part of the larger [[First War of Scottish Independence|war between England and Scotland]].
* [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] (1327–1377)
* [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] (1377–1399)
** [[Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland|Robert de Vere]] was created [[Duke of Ireland]] in 1386, but forfeited his titles in 1388.
* [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] (1399–1413)
* [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] (1413–1422)
* [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] (1422–1461)
* [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] (1461–1470)
* [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] (1470–1471)
* [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] (1471–1483)
* [[Edward V of England|Edward V]] (1483)
* [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] (1483–1485)
* [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] (1485–1509)
** [[Lambert Simnel]] claimed to be [[Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick]], and was crowned "King Edward VI" in [[Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin]] on 24 May 1487. His claim ended with the [[Battle of Stoke Field]], 16 June 1487.
** [[Perkin Warbeck]] claimed to be [[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York]] ("Richard IV") and gained some Irish support before a failed invasion of England in 1495.
* [[Henry VIII]] (1509–1542)
The title of "Lord of Ireland" was abolished by Henry VIII, who was made [[King of Ireland]] by the [[Parliament of Ireland]] via the [[Crown of Ireland Act 1542]].