Editing Monaco (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Monaco um 1900.jpg|thumb|left|[[Photochrom]] of Monaco circa 1900]]

Until the [[Monégasque Revolution]] of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 [[Constitution of Monaco]], the [[List of rulers of Monaco|princes of Monaco]] were [[Absolute monarchy|absolute rulers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2530539.stm |title=Monaco timeline |work=BBC News |date=28 March 2012 |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=27 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527123632/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2530539.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The new constitution slightly reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldi family and [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert I]] suspended it during the First World War.

In July 1918, a new [[Franco-Monégasque Treaties|Franco-Monégasque Treaty]] was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, endorsed in 1919 by the [[Treaty of Versailles]], established that Monégasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military and economic interests. It also resolved the [[Monaco succession crisis of 1918|Monaco succession crisis]].

[[File:Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace.jpg|upright|thumb|right|The [[Wedding of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly|marriage]] of Hollywood actress [[Grace Kelly]] to [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Rainier III]] brought media attention to the principality.]]

In 1943, the Italian Army [[The invasion and Occupation of Monaco during World War II|invaded and occupied Monaco]], forming a [[Fascism|fascist]] administration.<ref name="monaco.alloexpat.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco.alloexpat.com/monaco_information/history_of_monaco.php |title=Monaco History, History of Monaco – Allo' Expat Monaco - World War II |work=Monaco.alloexpat.com |access-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527162437/http://www.monaco.alloexpat.com/monaco_information/history_of_monaco.php |archive-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> In September 1943, after Mussolini's fall from power, the German [[Wehrmacht]] occupied Italy and Monaco, and the Nazi deportation of the Jewish population began. [[René Blum (ballet)|René Blum]], the prominent French Jew who founded the Ballet de l'Opéra in Monte Carlo, was arrested in his [[Paris]] home and held in the [[Drancy internment camp|Drancy]] deportation camp outside the French capital before being transported to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], where he was later murdered.<ref>Abramovici P. ''Un rocher bien occupé : Monaco pendant la guerre 1939–1945'' Editions Seuil, Paris 2001, {{ISBN|2-02-037211-8}}</ref> Blum's colleague [[Raoul Gunsbourg]], the director of the [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]], helped by the [[French Resistance]], escaped arrest and fled to [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tmeheust.free.fr/monacohistoire2.html |title=Monaco histoire |work=Tmeheust.free.fr |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518004243/http://tmeheust.free.fr/monacohistoire2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 1944, the Germans executed René Borghini, Joseph-Henri Lajoux and Esther Poggio, who were Resistance leaders.

[[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]], succeeded to the throne on the death of his grandfather, Prince [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]], in 1949, and ruled until 2005. On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress [[Grace Kelly]], an event that was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/monaco.htm |title=Monaco – Principality of Monaco – Principauté de Monaco – French Riviera Travel and Tourism |work=Nationsonline.org |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=18 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518103134/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/monaco.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

A 1962 amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, provided for [[women's suffrage]] and established a [[Supreme Court of Monaco]] to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1963, a crisis developed when [[Charles de Gaulle]] blockaded Monaco, angered by its status as a tax haven for wealthy French citizens.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 1963 Franco-Monegasque tax treaty |url=https://www.valeri-agency.com/en/pages/1963-franco-monegasque-tax-treaty.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312175647/https://www.valeri-agency.com/en/pages/1963-franco-monegasque-tax-treaty.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the [[United Nations]], with full voting rights.<ref name="infoplease1"/><ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ |title=Monaco|work= The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |access-date=22 March 2012 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230233800/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ |url-status=live }}</ref>