Editing Mixed-member proportional representation (section)

===Threshold===
{{see also|Election threshold}}
As in numerous [[party-list|proportional systems]], in many MMP systems, in order to be eligible for list seats, a party must earn at least a certain percentage of the party vote, or no candidates will be elected from the party list. Candidates having won a constituency will still have won their seat. In New Zealand the threshold is 5% and in Bolivia 3%. 

in Germany the threshold is 5% for elections for federal parliament and most state parliaments. And under recent changes to Germany's election law, the constituency seat may be taken away from the party. 

A party that does not achieve the threshold can also be eligible for list seats if it wins at least three constituency seats in Germany, or at least one in New Zealand. Having a member with a 'safe' constituency seat is therefore a tremendous asset to a [[minor party]] in New Zealand.

In elections for the Scottish Parliament, no threshold is set. The [[district magnitude]] of each electoral region is small enough to impose an inherent threshold in the seat distribution calculations. In 2021, with regional DM of 16, the effective threshold was about 7 percent of the region's votes, or about 17,000 to 20,000 votes of the total 2.7 million valid votes cast, but each region is discrete from the other regions so if a party is spread across multiple regions, it may not win even one seat even if it has more than 40,000 votes in total. Such happened to the [[Alba Party]] in 2021.