Editing Misogyny (section)

=== English language ===
[[File:Julia Gillard 2010.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Julia Gillard]]]]

According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the word entered English because of an anonymous [[proto-feminist]] play, ''[[Swetnam the Woman-Hater]]'', published in 1620 in England.<ref>{{cite encyclopaedia |title=misogynist |encyclopaedia=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/119828?redirectedFrom=misogynist |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513031043/https://www.oed.com/dictionary/misogynist_n |url-status=live}}</ref> The play is a criticism of anti-woman writer [[Joseph Swetnam]], who it represents with the pseudonym Misogynos. The character of Misogynos is the origin of the term misogynist in English.<ref name="Aron2019">{{cite news |last=Aron |first=Nina Renata |date=8 March 2019 |title=What Does Misogyny Look Like? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/08/style/misogyny-women-history-photographs.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807231120/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/08/style/misogyny-women-history-photographs.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The term was fairly rare until the mid-1970s. The publication of [[feminist]] [[Andrea Dworkin]]'s 1974 critique ''[[Woman Hating]]'' popularised the idea. The term misogyny entered the lexicon of [[second-wave feminism]]. Dworkin and her contemporaries used the term to include not only a hatred or contempt of women, but the practice of controlling women with violence and punishing women who reject subordination.<ref name="Aron2019" />

Misogyny was discussed worldwide in 2012 because of a [[viral video]] of a speech by Australian Prime Minister [[Julia Gillard]]. Her parliamentary address is known as the [[Misogyny Speech]]. In the speech, Gillard powerfully criticised her opponents for holding her policies to a [[double standard|different standard]] than those of male politicians, and for speaking about her in crudely sexual terms.<ref name="Lester 2012">{{cite magazine |last=Lester |first=Amelia |date=9 October 2012 |title=Ladylike: Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/ladylike-julia-gillards-misogyny-speech |access-date=27 July 2020 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615060308/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/ladylike-julia-gillards-misogyny-speech |url-status=live}}</ref> She was criticised for systemic misogyny, because earlier in the day her Labour Party had passed legislation cutting $728 million in welfare benefits to single mothers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Passant |first=John |title=How the poor are shunted into deeper poverty just for political capital |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=4 January 2013 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/how-the-poor-are-shunted-into-deeper-poverty-just-for-political-capital-20130103-2c74b.html |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164132/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/how-the-poor-are-shunted-into-deeper-poverty-just-for-political-capital-20130103-2c74b.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gillard's usage of the word "misogyny" promoted re-evaluations of the word's published definitions. The ''[[Macquarie Dictionary]]'' revised its definition in 2012 to better match the way the word has been used over the prior 30 years.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=Reuters |date=17 October 2012 |title=Dictionary changes 'misogyny' definition after Australian PM's furious attack on conservative leader |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/dictionary-changes-definition-of-misogyny-after-australian-pms-furious-attack-on-conservative-leader |work=[[National Post]] |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513031038/https://nationalpost.com/news/dictionary-changes-definition-of-misogyny-after-australian-pms-furious-attack-on-conservative-leader |url-status=live}}</ref> The book ''[[Down Girl]]'', which reconsidered the definition using the tools of [[analytic philosophy]], was inspired in part by Gillard.<ref name="Manne2019" />{{rp|83}}