Editing Mindset (section)

==Collective mindset==
Collective mindsets are described in [[Edwin Hutchins]]'s ''Cognition in the Wild'' (1995)<ref>Hutchins, Edwin (1995). ''Cognition in the Wild''. Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press.</ref> and Maximilian Senges' ''Knowledge Entrepreneurship in Universities'' (2007).<ref name="Senges2007">Senges, Maximilian (2007). ''Knowledge Entrepreneurship in Universities: Practice and Strategy in the Case of Internet Based Innovation Appropriation''. Thesis. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/9117/tesi_msenges.pdf</ref> Hutchins analyzed a team of naval navigators as a cognitive unit or computational system, and Senges explained how a collective mindset is part of university strategy and practice.<ref name="Senges2007" />

Parallels exist in [[collective intelligence]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Zara |first=Olivier |date=2004 |title=Managing Collective Intelligence: Towards a New Corporate Governance |location=Paris |publisher=Axiopole Publishing |url=http://www.axiopole.com/pdf/Managing_collective_intelligence.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060306124022/http://www.axiopole.com/pdf/Managing_collective_intelligence.pdf |archive-date=2006-03-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[wisdom of the crowd]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Surowiecki |first=James |date=2005 |title=The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few |location=London |publisher=Abacus}}</ref> Zara said that since collective reflection is more explicit, discursive, and conversational, it needs a good ''[[Gestell]]''.{{sfn|Zara|2004}}

Erik H. Erikson's analysis of group-identities and what he calls a "life-plan" is relevant to a collective mindset. Erikson cites Native Americans who were meant to undergo a reeducation process to instill a modern "life-plan" which advocated housing and wealth; the natives' collective historic identity as buffalo hunters was oriented around such fundamentally different motivations that communication about life plans was difficult.<ref>{{cite book |last=Erikson |first=Erik H. |date=1959 |title=Identity and the Life Cycle: Selected Papers |location=New York |publisher=International Universities Press}}</ref>

An institution is related to collective mindset; an [[entrepreneurial mindset]] refers to a person who "values uncertainty in the marketplace and seeks to continuously identify opportunities with the potential to lead to important innovations".{{sfn|Hitt|2011|p=371}} An institution with an entrepreneurial philosophy will have entrepreneurial goals and strategies. It fosters an entrepreneurial milieu, allowing each entity to pursue emerging opportunities. A collective mindset fosters values which lead to a particular practice. Hitt cites the five dimensions of an entrepreneurial mindset as "autonomy, innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hitt |first=Michael A. |title=Strategic Management |publisher=Cengage Learning. |year=2011 |location=Mason, Ohio: South-Western |language=English|page=354}}</ref>