Editing Microfluidics (section)

===Droplet-based microfluidics===

{{Main|Droplet-based microfluidics}}
[[File: Gas4psi LONDs26uLmin-1 50kfps x10lens.webm|thumb|High frame rate video showing microbubble pinch-off formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device<ref name=DOI153>{{cite web|url=https://archive.researchdata.leeds.ac.uk/327/|doi = 10.5518/153|year = 2018| vauthors = Churchman AH |title = Data associated with 'Combined flow-focus and self-assembly routes for the formation of lipid stabilized oil-shelled microbubbles'|publisher = University of Leeds}}</ref>]]

Droplet-based microfluidics is differs from continuous microfluidics; droplet-based microfluidics manipulates discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low Reynolds number and laminar flow regimes. Interest in droplet-based microfluidics systems has been growing substantially in past decades. Microdroplets allow for handling miniature volumes (μL to fL) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, and sensing, and suit high throughput experiments.<ref name="pubs.rsc.org">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chokkalingam V, Tel J, Wimmers F, Liu X, Semenov S, Thiele J, Figdor CG, Huck WT | display-authors = 6 | title = Probing cellular heterogeneity in cytokine-secreting immune cells using droplet-based microfluidics | journal = Lab on a Chip | volume = 13 | issue = 24 | pages = 4740–4744 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24185478 | doi = 10.1039/C3LC50945A | s2cid = 46363431 }}</ref> Exploiting the benefits of droplet-based microfluidics efficiently requires a deep understanding of droplet generation<ref name="droplet microfluidics" /> to perform various logical operations<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Teh SY, Lin R, Hung LH, Lee AP | title = Droplet microfluidics | journal = Lab on a Chip | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 198–220 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18231657 | doi = 10.1039/B715524G | s2cid = 18158748 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prakash M, Gershenfeld N | title = Microfluidic bubble logic | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5813 | pages = 832–835 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17289994 | doi = 10.1126/science.1136907 | s2cid = 5882836 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.673.2864 | bibcode = 2007Sci...315..832P }}</ref> such as droplet manipulation,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tenje M, Fornell A, Ohlin M, Nilsson J | title = Particle Manipulation Methods in Droplet Microfluidics | journal = Analytical Chemistry | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | pages = 1434–1443 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29188994 | doi = 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01333 | s2cid = 46777312 | doi-access = free }}</ref> droplet sorting,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Xi HD, Zheng H, Guo W, Gañán-Calvo AM, Ai Y, Tsao CW, Zhou J, Li W, Huang Y, Nguyen NT, Tan SH | display-authors = 6 | title = Active droplet sorting in microfluidics: a review | journal = Lab on a Chip | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 751–771 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 28197601 | doi = 10.1039/C6LC01435F }}</ref> droplet merging,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Niu X, Gulati S, Edel JB, deMello AJ | title = Pillar-induced droplet merging in microfluidic circuits | journal = Lab on a Chip | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = 1837–1841 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18941682 | doi = 10.1039/b813325e }}</ref> and droplet breakup.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Samie M, Salari A, Shafii MB | title = Breakup of microdroplets in asymmetric T junctions | journal = Physical Review E | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = 053003 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23767616 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.053003 | bibcode = 2013PhRvE..87e3003S }}</ref>