Editing Metallica (section)

===1994–2001: ''Load'', ''Reload'', Napster controversy and Newsted's departure===
[[File:James Hetfield - Cardiff 1996.jpg|thumb|left|James Hetfield performing with the band during its tour for ''Load'' in 1996]]
After almost three years of touring to promote ''Metallica'', including a headlining performance at [[Woodstock '94]], Metallica returned to the studio to write and record its sixth studio album. The band went on a brief hiatus in the summer of 1995 and played a short tour, Escape from the Studio '95, which comprised three outdoor shows, including a headline show at [[Donington Park motorsports circuit|Donington Park]] supported by [[Slayer]], [[Skid Row (American band)|Skid Row]], [[Slash's Snakepit]], [[Therapy?]] and [[Corrosion of Conformity]]. The band spent about a year writing and recording new songs, resulting in the release of ''[[Load (album)|Load]]'' in 1996. ''Load'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard''&nbsp;200 and [[ARIA Charts]]; it was the band's second number one album.<ref name="Charts"/> The cover art, ''Blood and Semen III'', was created by [[Andres Serrano]], who pressed a mixture of his own semen and blood between sheets of plexiglass.<ref name="Timeline 10">{{cite web|title=Metallica timeline December 1995 – June 27, 1996|publisher=MTV|url=http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=14|access-date=December 5, 2007|archive-date=April 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413025134/http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=14|url-status=dead}}</ref> The release saw another change in the band's musical direction and a new image, which included a revamped logo and the band members having their hair cut. While ''Load'' was a commercial success, the band's change in style had polarized their fanbase.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brannigan |first1=Paul |title="Metal needs a good f**king kick up the ass": the story of Metallica's Load |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/metallica-load-story-behind-the-album |website=www.loudersound.com |date=August 14, 2016 |access-date=June 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722140503/https://www.loudersound.com/features/metallica-load-story-behind-the-album |url-status=live }}</ref> Metallica headlined the alternative rock festival [[Lollapalooza]] festival in mid-1996.<ref name="Playboy"/><ref name="Load review"/>

During early production of the album, the band had recorded enough material to fill a double album. It was decided that half of the songs were to be released; the band would continue to work on the remaining songs and release them the following year. This resulted in follow-up album, titled ''[[Reload (Metallica album)|Reload]]''. The cover art was again created by Serrano, this time using a mixture of blood and urine.<ref name="Timeline 10"/> ''Reload'', too, debuted at number one on the ''Billboard''&nbsp;200 and reached number two on the Top Canadian Album chart.<ref name="Charts"/> Hetfield said in the 2004 documentary film ''[[Metallica: Some Kind of Monster]]'' that the band initially thought some of the songs on these albums were of average quality; these were "polished and reworked" until judged releasable.<ref name="Some Kind of Monster film"/> To promote ''Reload'', Metallica performed "[[Fuel (Metallica song)|Fuel]]" and "[[The Memory Remains]]" with [[Marianne Faithfull]] on [[NBC]]'s ''Saturday Night Live'' in December 1997.<ref name="Timeline 11">{{cite web|title=Metallica timeline November&nbsp;18, 1997 – December 8, 1998|publisher=MTV|url=http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=16|access-date=December 5, 2007|archive-date=May 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502233850/http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1998, Metallica compiled a double album of cover songs, titled ''[[Garage Inc.]]'' The first disc contained newly recorded covers of songs by [[Diamond Head (English band)|Diamond Head]], [[Killing Joke]], the [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]], [[Thin Lizzy]], [[Mercyful Fate]], [[Black Sabbath]] and others, and the second disc featured the original version of ''The $5.98 E.P. – Garage Days Re-Revisited'', which had become a scarce collectors' item. The album entered the ''Billboard''&nbsp;200 at number two.<ref name="Timeline 11"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Metallica timeline February&nbsp;24, 1999 – February 23, 2000|work=MTV|url=http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=17|access-date=December 5, 2007|archive-date=May 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502222018/http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/timeline/?id=17|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On April 21 and 22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with the [[San Francisco Symphony]], which was conducted by [[Michael Kamen]], who had previously worked with producer Rock on "[[Nothing Else Matters]]". Kamen approached Metallica in 1991 with the idea of pairing the band's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff of over 100 composed additional orchestral material for Metallica songs. Metallica wrote two new Kamen-scored songs for the event: "[[No Leaf Clover]]" and "-Human". The audio recording and concert footage were released in 1999 as the album and concert film ''[[S&M (album)|S&M]]''. It entered the ''Billboard''&nbsp;200 at number two and the Australian ARIA charts and Top Internet Albums chart at number one.<ref name="Charts"/>

In 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of its song "[[I Disappear]]", which was supposed to be released in combination with the [[Mission: Impossible II (soundtrack)|''Mission: Impossible II'' soundtrack]], was receiving radio airplay. Tracing the source of the leak, the band found the file on the [[Napster]] [[peer-to-peer]] file-sharing network and also found that the band's entire catalogue was freely available.<ref name="Testimony">{{cite web|title=Testimony of Mr. Lars Ulrich|publisher=[[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary]]|date=July 11, 2000|url=http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=195&wit_id=252|access-date=December 5, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129061341/http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=195&wit_id=252|archive-date=November 29, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Metallica [[Metallica v. Napster, Inc.|filed a lawsuit]] at the [[U.S. District Court]], [[Central District of California]], alleging that Napster violated three areas of the law: [[copyright infringement]], unlawful use of digital audio interface device and the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO).<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Jones|first=Christopher|title=Metallica Rips Napster|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=April 13, 2000|url=https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2000/04/35670|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516221654/http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2000/04/35670|archive-date=May 16, 2008|access-date=December 5, 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Lars Ulrich The Rock Copenhagen.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Lars Ulrich led the case against Napster for Metallica.]]
Ulrich provided a statement to the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000.<ref name="Testimony"/> [[Federal Judge]] [[Marilyn Hall Patel]] ordered the site to place a [[Content-control software|filter]] on the program within 72 hours or be shut down.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pellegrini|first=Frank|title=The End of the Line for Royalties?|newspaper=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,101597,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307122210/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,101597,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 7, 2001|date=March 6, 2001|access-date=December 12, 2007}}</ref> A settlement between Metallica and Napster was reached when German media conglomerate [[Bertelsmann]] BMG showed interest in purchasing the rights to Napster for $94&nbsp;million. Under the terms of settlement, Napster agreed to block users who shared music by artists who do not want their music shared.<ref>{{cite news|title=Napster settles suits|publisher=CNN|date=July 21, 2001|url=https://money.cnn.com/2001/07/12/news/napster/|access-date=December 5, 2007|archive-date=September 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923025811/http://money.cnn.com/2001/07/12/news/napster/|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 3, 2002, Napster filed for [[Chapter 11]] protection under U.S. bankruptcy laws. On September 3, 2002, an American bankruptcy judge blocked the sale of Napster to Bertelsmann and forced Napster to liquidate its assets, according to [[Chapter 7, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 7]] of the U.S. bankruptcy laws.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evangelista|first=Benny|title=Napster runs out of lives – judge rules against sale|date=September 4, 2002|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Napster-runs-out-of-lives-judge-rules-against-2774278.php|access-date=January 2, 2008|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309222141/https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Napster-runs-out-of-lives-judge-rules-against-2774278.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[2000 MTV Video Music Awards]], Ulrich appeared with host [[Marlon Wayans]] in a skit that criticized the idea of using Napster to share music. Wayans played a college student listening to Metallica's "I Disappear". Ulrich walked in and asked for an explanation, and he responded to Wayans' excuse that using Napster was just "sharing" by saying that Wayans' idea of sharing was "borrowing things that were not yours without asking." He called in the Metallica road crew, who proceeded to confiscate all of Wayans' belongings, leaving him almost naked in an empty room. Napster creator [[Shawn Fanning]] responded later in the ceremony by presenting an award wearing a Metallica shirt that read: "I borrowed this shirt from a friend. Maybe, if I like it, I'll buy one of my own." Ulrich was later booed on stage at the award show when he introduced the final musical act, [[Blink-182]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyrock.com/features/2000/vma00.asp|title=MTV's Video Music Awards 2000: If only I have a brain|publisher=NY Rock|date=September 7, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016194740/http://nyrock.com/features/2000/vma00.asp|archive-date=October 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=115952&page=1|title=Eminem and 'N Sync Big VMA Winners|work=ABC News|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122171541/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=115952&page=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:JunoAwards2009-BobRock (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Longtime producer Bob Rock recorded bass for ''St. Anger'' following Jason Newsted's departure in 2001.]]
Newsted left Metallica on January 17, 2001, just as plans were being made to enter the recording studio. He said he left the band for "private and personal reasons, and the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love."<ref>{{cite web|last=Basham|first=David|title=Bassist Jason Newsted Leaves Metallica|publisher=MTV|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1438016/20010117/metallica.jhtml|date=January 17, 2001|access-date=December 3, 2007|archive-date=July 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726125030/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1438016/20010117/metallica.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> During a ''[[Playboy]]'' interview with Metallica, Newsted said he wanted to release an album with his [[side project]], [[Echobrain]]. Hetfield was opposed to the idea and said, "When someone does a side project, it takes away from the strength of Metallica" and that a side project is "like cheating on your wife in a way."<ref name="Playboy"/> Newsted said Hetfield had recorded vocals for a song used in the film ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'', and appeared on two [[Corrosion of Conformity]] albums. Hetfield replied: "My name isn't on those records. And I'm not out trying to sell them" and raised questions such as, "Where would it end? Does he start touring with it? Does he sell shirts? Is it his band?"<ref name="Playboy">{{cite web|title=The Playboy Interview – Metallica|work=[[Playboy]]|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/metallica-interview/index.html|access-date=December 3, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404205425/http://www.playboy.com/articles/metallica-interview/index.html|archive-date=April 4, 2009}}</ref>