Editing Metabolic syndrome (section)

===Stress===
Recent research indicates prolonged [[chronic stress]] can contribute to metabolic syndrome by disrupting the hormonal balance of the [[hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]] (HPA-axis).<ref name="Gohill">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gohil BC, Rosenblum LA, Coplan JD, Kral JG |date=July 2001 |title=Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and the metabolic syndrome X of obesity |journal=CNS Spectrums |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=581–86, 589 |doi=10.1017/s1092852900002121 |pmid=15573024 |s2cid=22734016}}</ref> A dysfunctional HPA-axis causes high [[cortisol]] levels to circulate, which results in raising [[glucose]] and [[insulin]] levels, which in turn cause insulin-mediated effects on adipose tissue, ultimately promoting [[visceral adiposity]], insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, with direct effects on the bone, causing "low turnover" [[osteoporosis]].<ref name="tsigos">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsigos C, Chrousos GP |date=October 2002 |title=Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259653 |journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=865–71 |doi=10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00429-4 |pmid=12377295}}</ref> HPA-axis dysfunction may explain the reported risk indication of abdominal obesity to [[cardiovascular disease]] (CVD), type 2 diabetes and [[stroke]].<ref name="rosmond">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rosmond R, Björntorp P |date=February 2000 |title=The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke |journal=Journal of Internal Medicine |volume=247 |issue=2 |pages=188–97 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00603.x |pmid=10692081 |s2cid=20336259 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Psychosocial]] stress is also linked to heart disease.<ref name="brunner">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brunner EJ, Hemingway H, Walker BR, Page M, Clarke P, Juneja M, Shipley MJ, Kumari M, Andrew R, Seckl JR, Papadopoulos A, Checkley S, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Stansfeld SA, Marmot MG |date=November 2002 |title=Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome: nested case-control study |journal=Circulation |volume=106 |issue=21 |pages=2659–65 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.0000038364.26310.bd |pmid=12438290 |s2cid=5992769 |doi-access=free}}</ref>