Editing Messianic Judaism (section)

===Modern-day Messianic Judaism movement, 1960s onwards===
The Messianic Jewish movement emerged in the United States in the 1960s.<ref name="Feher1998p140"/>{{sfn|Juster|Hocken|2004|p=15}} Prior to this time, Jewish converts assimilated into [[gentile]] Christianity, as the church required abandoning their Jewishness and assuming gentile ways to receive baptism. [[Peter Hocken]] postulates that the Jesus movement, which swept the nation in the 1960s, triggered a change from Hebrew Christians to Messianic Jews and was a distinctly [[charismatic movement]]. These Jews wanted to "stay Jewish while believing in Jesus". This impulse was amplified by the results of the [[Six-Day War]] and the restoration of Jerusalem to Jewish control.{{sfn|Hocken|2009|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ziw73-alUrMC&pg=PA97 97-100]}}<ref name = "Kinzer2005" />{{sfn|Harris-Shapiro|1999|p=286}}

====Foundational organizations====
In 2004, there were 300 Messianic congregations in the United States, with roughly half of all attendants being Gentiles and roughly one-third of all congregations comprising 30 or fewer members.{{sfn|Juster|Hocken|2004|p=10}} Many of these congregations belong to the International Association of Messianic Congregations and Synagogues (IAMCS), the Union of Messianic Congregations (UMJC), or Tikkun International.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

The [[Messianic Jewish Alliance of America]] (MJAA) began in 1915 as the Hebrew Christian Alliance of America (HCAA).<ref>Ariel, Y. (2016). THEOLOGICAL AND LITURGICAL COMING OF AGE: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MESSIANIC JUDAISM AND EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY. Hebrew Studies, 57, 381–391. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44072313</ref> As the idea of maintaining Jewish identity spread in the late 1960s, the Hebrew Christian Alliance of America (HCAA) changed its name to the Messianic Jewish Alliance of America (MJAA).{{sfn|Juster|1995|pp=152–153|ps=: "In 1975, the Alliance changed its name to the Messianic Jewish Alliance, reflecting the growing Jewish identity of Jewish followers of Yeshua.[…] Hebrew-Christianity, at times, saw Jewishness as merely an ethnic identity, whereas Messianic Judaism saw its Jewish life and identity as a continued call of God."}} [[David A. Rausch|David Rausch]] writes that the change "signified far more than a semantical expression—it represented an evolution in the thought processes and religious and philosophical outlook toward a more fervent expression of Jewish identity."{{sfn|Rausch|1982a|p=77}} {{As of|2005}}, the MJAA was an organization of Jewish members who welcome non-Jews as "honored associates".{{sfn|Robinson|2005|p=42}} In 1986, the MJAA formed a congregational branch called the International Alliance of Messianic Congregations and Synagogues (IAMCS).<ref name="IAMCS_home"/>

In June 1979, 19 congregations in North America met at Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, and formed the [[Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations]] (UMJC).{{sfn|Juster|1995|p=155}} In 2022, it would have 75 congregations in 8 countries.<ref>Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations, [https://www.umjc.org/learn-1 OUR HISTORY], umjc.org, USA, retrieved October 22, 2022</ref><!-- This paragraph quote was previously just abandoned at the bottom of this section; if it can be placed in some context, i.e. some text around it that isn't just a quote, then it can stay, but otherwise, just seems out of place and near-promotional. "Tikkun International is a Messianic Jewish umbrella organization for an apostolic network of leaders, congregations and ministries in covenantal relationship for mutual accountability, support and equipping to extend the Kingdom of God in America, Israel, and throughout the world."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tikkunministries.org/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180209/http://www.tikkunministries.org/ |archive-date=2019-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> -->
In 2016, Douglas Hamp founded The Way Congregation near Denver, CO. with the concept of recognizing fundamentalist Christian beliefs<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Way Congregation - What We Believe |url=https://thewaycongregation.com/what-we-believe |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=thewaycongregation.com}}</ref> and yet embracing One Law Theology, Two House Theology (see sections below), and [[Commonwealth Theology]].  Their website states the fellowship was founded "to serve as a bridge between the Jews and the gentile Church."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Way Congregation - Our Story |url=https://thewaycongregation.com/our-story |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=thewaycongregation.com}}</ref> Non-Jewish congregants are not encouraged to convert to Judaism and Jewish attendants are encouraged to celebrate their Jewish heritage. Hamp blames the heretic [[Marcion of Sinope|Marcion]] for mainstream Christianity's juxtaposition of Law and Grace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haunted Theology |url=https://thewaycongregation.com/media/gb3mg9q/haunted-theology |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=The Way Congregation}}</ref> On the other hand, the Congregation meets on the Sabbath, celebrates the Feasts, and teaches conformance to the Dietary Laws given through Moses.