Editing Membrane protein (section)

== In genomes ==
Membrane proteins, like soluble [[globular protein]]s, [[Scleroprotein|fibrous proteins]], and [[disordered protein]]s, are common.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Andreeva A, Howorth D, Chothia C, Kulesha E, Murzin AG |date=January 2014 |title=SCOP2 prototype: a new approach to protein structure mining |journal=[[Nucleic Acids Research]] |volume=42 |issue=Database issue |pages=D310-4 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkt1242 |pmc=3964979 |pmid=24293656}}</ref>  It is estimated that 20–30% of all [[gene]]s in most [[genome]]s encode for membrane proteins.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Liszewski|first=Kathy|date=1 October 2015|title=Dissecting the Structure of Membrane Proteins|url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-articles/dissecting-the-structure-of-membrane-proteins/5583/|journal=[[Gen. Eng. Biotechnol. News|Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News]]|type=paper|volume=35|issue=17|pages=1, 14, 16&ndash;17|doi=10.1089/gen.35.17.02|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author-link1=Anders Krogh |author-link3=Gunnar von Heijne |vauthors=Krogh A, Larsson B, von Heijne G, Sonnhammer EL |date=January 2001 |title=Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: application to complete genomes |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/05e7/f7d5d5a08e0bcaca7497951c9560c546353d.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Biology]] |volume=305 |issue=3 |pages=567–80 |doi=10.1006/jmbi.2000.4315 |pmid=11152613 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804085349/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/05e7/f7d5d5a08e0bcaca7497951c9560c546353d.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-04 |via=[[Semantic Scholar]] |s2cid=15769874}}{{Open access}}</ref> For instance, about 1000 of the ~4200 proteins of ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' are thought to be membrane proteins, 600 of which have been experimentally verified to be membrane resident.<ref name="Daley">{{cite journal|vauthors=Daley DO, Rapp M, Granseth E, Melén K, Drew D, von Heijne G|date=May 2005|title=Global topology analysis of the Escherichia coli inner membrane proteome|journal=Science|type=Report|volume=308|issue=5726|pages=1321–3|bibcode=2005Sci...308.1321D|doi=10.1126/science.1109730|pmid=15919996|s2cid=6942424}}{{Open access}}</ref>  In humans, current thinking suggests that fully 30% of the [[Human genome|genome]] encodes membrane proteins.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Joseph |last2=Sawyer |first2=Abigail |year=2019 |title=Elucidating the Structure of Membrane Proteins |department=Tech News |journal=[[BioTechniques]] |type=Print issue |publisher=Future Science |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=167&ndash;170 |doi=10.2144/btn-2019-0030 |pmid=30987442 |doi-access=free}}{{open access}}</ref>