Editing Melancholia (section)

====Signs and symptoms====
Melancholic depression requires at least one of the following symptoms during the last [[depressive episode]]:
* [[Anhedonia]] (the inability to find pleasure in positive things)
* Lack of mood reactivity (i.e. mood does not improve in response to positive/desired events; failure to feel better)
And at least three of the following:
* [[Depression (mood)|Depressed mood]] that is subjectively different from grief or loss (marked by despair, gloominess, and "empty-mood")
* Severe weight loss or loss of appetite
* Psychomotor agitation or retardation (i.e. increased or decreased movement, speech, and cognitive function)
* Early morning awakening (i.e. waking up at least 2 hours before the normal wake up time of the patient)
* Guilt that is excessive
* Worse depressed mood in the morning
Melancholic features apply to an episode of depression that occurs as part of either [[major depressive disorder]], [[dysthymia|persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)]], or [[bipolar disorder]] [[Bipolar I disorder|I]] or [[Bipolar II disorder|II]].<ref name="DSM-5"/> They are more likely to occur in patients who suffer from [[Psychotic depression|depression with psychotic features]].<ref name=apa1 /> People with melancholic depression also tend to have more physically visible symptoms such as slower movement or speech.<ref name="psychcentral.com">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Melancholic Depression: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping Tips |url=https://psychcentral.com/depression/melancholic-depression |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Psych Central |language=en}}</ref>