Editing Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (section)

==Dimensions and statues==
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Much of the information that has been gathered about the Mausoleum and its structure has come from the Roman polymath [[Pliny the Elder]]. <ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''Natural History'', [http://attalus.org/translate/pliny_hn36a.html#30 xxxvi.30–31]. </ref> He wrote some basic facts about the architecture and some dimensions. The building was rectangular, not square, surrounded by a colonnade of thirty-six columns. There was a pyramidal superstructure receding in twenty-four steps to the summit. On top there were 4 horse chariots of marble. The building was accented with both sculptural friezes and free-standing figures. "The free standing figures were arranged on 5 or 6 different levels."<ref name="autogenerated30"/>

We are now able to justify that Pliny's knowledge came from a work written by the architect. It is clear that Pliny did not grasp the design of the mausoleum fully which creates problems in recreating the structure. He does state many facts which help the reader recreate pieces of the puzzle. Other writings by Pausanias, Strabo, and Vitruvius also help us to gather more information about the Mausoleum.<ref name="autogenerated2">Fergusson.</ref>

According to Pliny, the mausoleum was {{convert|63|ft|order=flip}} north and south, shorter on other fronts, {{convert|411|ft|order=flip}} perimeter, and 25&nbsp;cubits ({{convert|37.5|ft|m|disp=or|order=flip}}) in height. It was surrounded by 36 columns. They called this part the [[pteron]]. Above the pteron there was a pyramid on top with 24 steps and equal in height to the lower part. The height of the building was {{convert|140|ft|order=flip}}.<ref name="Fergusson9">Fergusson, p. 9.</ref>

The only other author that gives the dimensions of the Mausoleum is [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], a grammarian in the time of [[Augustus]]. He describes the monument as built with shining stones, {{convert|80|ft|order=flip}} high and {{convert|1340|ft|order=flip}} in circumference. He likely meant cubits which would match Pliny's dimensions exactly but this text is largely considered corrupt and is of little importance.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> We learn from Vitruvius that Satyros and Phytheus wrote a description of their work which Pliny likely read. Pliny likely wrote down these dimensions without thinking about the form of the building.<ref name="autogenerated2"/>

Many statues were found slightly larger than life-size, either {{convert|5|ft|order=flip}}. or {{convert|5.25|ft|order=flip}}. in length; these were 20 lion statues. Another important find was the depth on the rock on which the building stood. This rock was excavated to {{convert|8|or|9|ft|order=flip}} deep over an area {{convert|107|by|127|ft|order=flip}}.<ref name="Fergusson9" /> The sculptures on the north were created by Scopas, the ones on the east Bryaxis, on the south Timotheus and on the west Leochares.<ref name="autogenerated2"/>

The Mausoleum was adorned with many great and beautiful sculptures. Some of these sculptures have been lost or only fragments have been found. Several of the statues' original placements are only known through historical accounts. The great figures of Mausolus and Artemisia stood in the chariot at the top of the pyramid. The detached equestrian groups are placed at the corners of the sub-podium.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> The semi-colossal female heads may have belonged to the [[acroteria]] of the two gables which may have represented the six Carian towns incorporated in Halicarnassus.<ref>"[A guide to the] mausoleum room." (1886). the trustees, London England</ref> Work still continues today as groups continue to excavate and research the mausoleum's art.

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File:Horse Halicarnassus BM 1002.jpg|A fragmentary horse from a colossal four-horse chariot group that topped the [[podium]] of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
File:Amazonomachy Halicarnassus BM n3.jpg|Relief of an [[Amazonomachy]] from the Mausoleum at [[Halicarnassus]].
File:SATRAPS of CARIA. Maussolos. Circa 377-6-353-2 BC.jpg|Coinage of [[Mausolus]] as Achaemenid dynast of [[Caria]]. Head of [[Apollo]] facing/ [[Zeus Labrandos]] standing, legend ΜΑΥΣΣΩΛΛΟ ("Maussollo"). {{circa|376–353 BC}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=CNG: SATRAPS of CARIA. Maussolos. Circa 377/6–353/2 BC. AR Tetradrachm (23mm, 15.13 g, 12h). Halikarnassos mint. Struck {{circa|370–360 BC}}. |url=https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=324499}}</ref>
File:The ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.jpg|The ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
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