Editing Martha's Vineyard (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Marthasvineyard-OakBluffs-Cottages.jpg|thumb|[[Gingerbread cottage]]s at [[Wesleyan Grove]], Oak Bluffs]]Like the nearby island of [[Nantucket]], Martha's Vineyard was brought to prominence in the 19th century by the [[whaling]] industry, during which ships were sent around the world to hunt whales for their oil and [[blubber]]. The discovery of [[petroleum]] in [[Pennsylvania]] gave rise to a cheaper source of oil for lamps and led to an almost complete collapse of the industry by 1870. After the Old Colony railroad came to mainland Woods Hole in 1872, summer residences began to develop on the island, such as the community of [[Harthaven]] established by William H. Hart, and later, the community of Ocean Heights, developed near Sengekontacket Pond in [[Edgartown]] by the prominent island businessman, Robert Marsden Laidlaw.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QjL3hBwDv0C|title=Martha's Vineyard, Summer Resort After 100 Years|access-date=January 18, 2015|year=1966|last1=Hough|first1=Henry Beetle}}</ref> Although the island struggled financially through the [[Great Depression]], its reputation as a [[resort]] for [[tourist]]s and the wealthy continued to grow. There is still a substantial Wampanoag population on the Vineyard, mainly located in the town of [[Aquinnah, Massachusetts|Aquinnah]]. Aquinnah means "land under the hill" in the Wampanoag language.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

The island was the last refuge of the [[heath hen]], an extinct subspecies of the [[greater prairie chicken]], which was a once common game bird throughout the [[Northeastern United States]]. Despite 19th century efforts to protect the hen, by 1927, the population of birds had dropped to 13. The last known heath hen, named "Booming Ben", perished on Martha's Vineyard in 1932.<ref name="Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Shukla|first1=Arvind N.|first2=Rajiv|last2=Tyagi|title=Encyclopaedia of Birds|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=2001|page=52|isbn=81-261-0967-X<!--|access-date=May 21, 2011-->}}</ref>