Editing Marquess (section)

==Analogous non-Western titles==
[[File:Pompa funebris Albert Ardux - Trazegnies.jpg|thumb|The [[Marquess of Trazegnies d'Ittre|Marquess of Trazegnies]]]]
Like other major Western noble titles, marquess (or marquis) is sometimes used to translate certain titles from non-Western languages with their own traditions, even though they are, as a rule, historically unrelated and thus hard to compare. However, they are considered "equivalent" in relative rank.

This is the case with: <!-- Titles should not be capitalized unless directly in front of a person's name.  -->
* In [[History of China#Ancient China|ancient China]], 侯 (''hóu'') a [[Zhou dynasty nobility|noble rank]] created by [[King Wu of Zhou]] for rulers of newly conquered regions, and is generally translated as marquess or marquis.<ref>{{ cite journal
| last = Pines | first=Yuri
| title= Names and Titles in Eastern Zhou Texts
| journal= T'oung Pao| year = 2020
| volume= 106 | page = 715
| publisher= Brill | place = Leiden
}}{{pb}}{{ cite book
| author= Li Feng | year = 2008
| title= Perceptions of Antiquity in Chinese Civilization
| editor1-last = Kuhn | editor1-first = Dieter
| editor2-last = Stahl | editor2-first = Helga
| chapter= Transmitting Antiquity: The Origin and Paradigmization of the “Five Ranks”
| page = 112
| publisher= Würzburger Sinologische Schriften
| place = Würzberg
| ref = {{sfnref|Li|2008}}
}}
</ref> In [[Imperial era of Chinese history|imperial China]], 侯 (''hóu'') is generally, but not always, a middle-to-high ranking hereditary nobility title. Its exact rank varies greatly from dynasty to dynasty, and even within a dynasty. It is often created with different sub-ranks, with {{zh|labels=no|c=列侯}} (''liè hóu'', [[Ranged Marquis]]) generally the highest.<ref>{{Cite book
|title = Dong Han Liehou juewei zhidu
|script-title=zh:东汉列侯爵位制度
|author=You Jia (尤佳)
|publisher=云南大学出版社
|year=2015|location=Kunming 
|pages=47–48, 52, 73}}</ref>
* In [[Meiji Japan]], 侯爵 (''kōshaku''), a hereditary peerage (''[[kazoku]]'') rank, was introduced in 1884, granting a hereditary seat in the upper house of the imperial diet just as a British peerage did (until the [[House of Lords Act 1999]]), with the ranks usually rendered as baron, viscount, count, marquis and duke/prince.<ref>{{cite book|title=Above the Clouds: Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility|last=Lebra|first=Takie Sugiyama|pages=51|publisher=University of California Press|location=CA, US|year=1993|isbn=9780520911796}}</ref>
* In [[Korea]], the title of 현후 (縣侯; ''hyeonhu''), the meaning of which is "marquess of district", existed for the hereditary nobility in the [[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]]. It was equivalent to the upper fifth rank of nine bureaucratic orders, and was in the third rank of six nobility orders. The title of Buwongun, could be received only Father in law of King or The Vassals who dedicate Notably to create New kingdom is also same as Marquess. In the [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]], there was no title equivalent to marquess.
* In [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], ''[[temenggong]]'' (or ''tumenggung'') is a title used by Islamic dynasties such as [[Mataram Sultanate]] and [[Johor]] to designate a noble ruled over a frontier area or district, or to a chief of public security. Tumenggung ranks below [[Bendahara]] or vizier.
* In [[Vietnam]], ''hầu'' ({{linktext|侯}}) was a senior title of hereditary nobility, equivalent to marquis, for male members of the imperial clan, ranking under ''hoàng đế'' (皇帝)(emperor), ''vương'' (王)(king/prince), ''quốc công'' (國公)(grand duke/duke of the nation), ''quận công'' (郡公)(provincial duke) and ''công'' (公)(duke, rather like a German [[Fürst]]), and above ''bá'' (伯)(count), ''tử'' (子)(viscount) and ''nam'' (男)(baron).