Editing Mariner program (section)

==Mariners 3 and 4==
{{Main|Mariner 3|Mariner 4}}
[[File:Mariner 3 and 4.jpg|150px|thumb|Mariner 3/4]]

Sisterships [[Mariner 3]] and [[Mariner 4]] were Mars flyby missions.<ref name=Pyle2012-M3/>

Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars.<ref name="NASA"/>

Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the [[planet]] [[Mars]] and gave the first glimpse of [[Mars]] at close range.<ref name=Pyle2012-M3>
{{cite book |last=Pyle|first=Rod |title=Destination Mars |date=2012 |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |isbn=978-1-61614-589-7 |page=51 |quote=''Mariner 3, dead and still ensnared in its faulty launch shroud, in a large orbit around the sun.''}}</ref> The spacecraft flew past Mars on July 14, 1965, collecting the first close-up photographs of another planet.  The pictures, played back from a small tape recorder over a long period, showed lunar-type impact craters (just beginning to be photographed at close range from the Moon), some of them touched with frost in the chill Martian evening. The Mariner 4 spacecraft, expected to survive something more than the eight months to Mars encounter, actually lasted about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies of the solar wind environment and making coordinated measurements with Mariner 5, a sister ship launched to Venus in 1967.<ref name="NASA"/>
* Mission: Mars flyby<ref name=Pyle2012-M3/>
* Mass: 261&nbsp;kg (575&nbsp;lb)
* Sensors: [[camera]] with digital tape recorder (about 20 pictures), [[cosmic dust]], solar plasma, trapped radiation, [[cosmic rays]], [[magnetic fields]], [[radio occultation]] and celestial mechanics<ref name=Pyle2012-M4/>
Status:
* Mariner 3 – Malfunctioned. Derelict in [[heliocentric orbit]].<ref name=Pyle2012-M3/>
* Mariner 4 – Communications lost after bombardment by micrometeoroids.  Derelict in [[heliocentric orbit]].<ref name=Pyle2012-M4>
{{cite book |last=Pyle|first=Rod |title=Destination Mars |date=2012 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-61614-589-7 |page=56 |quote=''It eventually joined its sibling, Mariner 3, dead ... in a large orbit around the sun.''}}</ref>