Editing Maribor (section)

=== Medieval history ===
[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 247 Marburg - Maribor.jpg|left|thumb|Maribor in the 17th century. A copper engraving by [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]], 1678.]]
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Maribor area was settled by the [[Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps|Slavs]].<ref name="Stih">{{cite web |title=Slovenska zgodovina |url=http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/pdf/zgodovina/Stih-Slovenska_zgodovina_od_prazgodovinskih_kultur_do_konca_srednjega_veka.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319025304/http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/pdf/zgodovina/Stih-Slovenska_zgodovina_od_prazgodovinskih_kultur_do_konca_srednjega_veka.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 19, 2009 |website=Slovenska zgodovina |publisher=Peter Štih |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>
A Slavic cemetery was found in Radvanje dating to the 10th century AD.<ref name="Cresnar"/> The area of what later became Maribor was first part of [[Samo's Empire]] and later the area stood on the border between [[Carantania]] and [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Lower Pannonia]]. In 843 the area was absorbed into the [[Frankish Empire]].<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora">{{cite web|url=http://www.maribor.si/povezava.aspx?pid=3792|title=Zgodovina Maribora}}</ref>

In the Frankish Empire, the area again stood on the border, this time between the Frankish Empire and the [[Principality of Hungary]]. To protect the Frankish Empire from Hungarian raids, a castle was built on [[Pyramid (Maribor)|Pyramid Hill]].<ref name="Maribor 850 let">{{cite web |title=Maribor 850 let |url=http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx?id=238 |website=Mestna občina Maribor }}</ref> The castle was mentioned for the first time on 20 October 1164 as ''Castrum Marchburch''. A settlement soon began to grow below the castle. Maribor was first mentioned as a market near the castle in 1204, and it received [[town privileges]] in 1254.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora"/> It is likely that the castle stood before 1164 because [[Bernard of Trixien]], the count of the region, already used the title ''Bernhard von Marchpurg'' 'Bernard of Maribor' in 1124.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Curk |first1=Jože |title=Maribor |journal=Časopis Za Zgodovino in Narodopisje |date=1966 |volume=38 |issue=2 |page=67 |url=https://www.sistory.si/cdn/publikacije/6001-7000/6974/1966_2_Casopis_za_zgodovino_in_narodopisje.pdf#page=1 |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/novice/castrum-marchburch-850-let-od-prve-omembe-maribora/348675 |title=Castrum Marchburch, 850 let od prve omembe Maribora |language=sl |trans-title=Castrum Marchburch, 850 Years since the First Mention of Maribor |work=MMC RTV Slovenija |date=14 October 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 249 Marburg - Maribor.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Maribor Castle]]. A copper engraving by [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]].]]
The town began to grow rapidly after the victory of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf I]] of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]] over King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia|Otakar II]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] in 1278. The town built fortifications, and trade, viticulture, and crafts started to grow. The town had a monopoly over the entire region and also controlled the viticulture trade with [[Carinthia]]. The first churches were built, and also around this time the first [[Jews]] arrived. The Jews built their own ghetto in the southeastern part of town, where they also built the [[Maribor Synagogue]]. Most Slovenians lived in the northwestern part of town on what is now Slovenian Street (''Slovenska ulica'').

In 1478, a second castle was built on the northeastern side of the town, today known as [[Maribor Castle]]. In 1480 and in 1481, [[Matthias Corvinus]] besieged the town but failed to conquer it on both occasions.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /> In 1496, [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] issued a decree to expel all Jews from Maribor and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]].<ref name="Bell2001">{{Cite book |last=Dean Phillip Bell |title=Sacred Communities: Jewish and Christian Identities in Fifteenth-Century Germany |publisher=BRILL |year=2001 |isbn=0-391-04102-9 |page=119}}</ref> In 1515, the [[Maribor Town Hall]] was built and a few years later, in 1532, Maribor again came under siege, this time by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. In the battle that became known as the [[Siege of Maribor (1532)|Siege of Maribor]], a 100,000-strong Ottoman army under the leadership of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] attacked the town, which was defended only by the local garrison and its citizens. Despite all the odds, Maribor was defended and the legend of the Maribor shoemaker who raised the sluice gates and flooded the Ottoman army is still popular today.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/o-tem-kako-je-pogumni-cevljarcek-resil-maribor/230755|title=Cevljarcek Maribor}}</ref>