Editing Magdeburg (section)

===20th century===
In 1912, the old fortress was dismantled, and in 1908, the municipality [[Ohrekreis|Rothensee]] became part of Magdeburg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City & History – Navigation md.de |url=https://www.magdeburg.de/Home/CitizenPortal/City-History/index.php?NavID=37.446&object=tx%7C115.14.2&La=2 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=www.magdeburg.de}}</ref>

During [[World War I]], Polish leader [[Józef Piłsudski]] and his close associate [[Kazimierz Sosnkowski]] were imprisoned in the city by Germany in 1917–1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dzieje.pl/artykuly-historyczne/jozef-pilsudski-w-magdeburgu-czyli-wiezien-stanu-nr-1|title=Józef Piłsudski w Magdeburgu, czyli więzień stanu nr 1|website=Dzieje.pl|author=Waldemar Kowalski|access-date=7 November 2023|language=pl}}</ref>

During the [[Weimar Republic]] the {{langx|de|Magdeburger Tageszeitung|label=none}} was published as a local newspaper in Magdeburg.

During [[World War II]], Magdeburg was the location of 30 [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] detachments of the [[Stalag XI-A]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] for some 4,500 [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] POWs,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=464|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> a camp for [[Sinti]] and [[Romani people]] (see also ''[[Romani Holocaust]]''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2602|title=Lager für Sinti und Roma Magdeburg|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=7 November 2023|language=de}}</ref> and three [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|subcamps]] of the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], in which mostly Jewish men and boys and Soviet, [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|Polish]] and Jewish women were imprisoned.<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=55|title=Magdeburg (Polte, Frauen)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=24 November 2023|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=57|title=Magdeburg (Polte, Männer)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=24 November 2023|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=53|title=Magdeburg-Rothensee|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=24 November 2023|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=388–390|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref> In April 1945, dozens of prisoners were massacred by the ''[[Volkssturm]]'' and [[Hitler Youth]], and surviving prisoners were sent on [[Death marches during the Holocaust|death marches]] towards the [[Ravensbrück concentration camp|Ravensbrück]] and [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]] concentration camps.<ref name=ab/>

{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}Magdeburg was heavily bombed by British and American air forces during the Second World War. The RAF bombing raid on the night of 16 January 1945 destroyed much of the city centre. The death toll is estimated at 2,000–2,500. Near the end of [[World War II]], the city of about 340,000 became capital of the [[Province of Magdeburg]]. [[Brabag]]'s Magdeburg/Rothensee plant that produced [[Synthetic fuel|synthetic oil]] from [[lignite]] coal was a target of the [[Oil Campaign of World War II]]. The {{lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}} suburbs north of the city, called the Nordfront, were destroyed as well as some of the city's main streets with its Baroque buildings.

It was occupied by [[Ninth United States Army|9th US Army]] troops on 18 April 1945 and was left to the [[Red Army]] on 1 July 1945. [[Post-war]] the area was part of the [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|Soviet Zone of Occupation]] and many of the remaining pre-World War II city buildings were destroyed, with only a few buildings near the cathedral and in the southern part of the old city being restored to their pre-war state. Before the [[German reunification|reunification of Germany]], many surviving ''Gründerzeit'' buildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition. 
From 1949 until German reunification on 3 October 1990, Magdeburg belonged to the [[German Democratic Republic]].

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Magdeburg Stadtplan 1900.jpg|Map of Magdeburg, 1900
File:Magdeburg Geschäftshaus der Magdeburger Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft in Magdeburg.jpg|"Breiter Weg", approx. 1900
File:Fountain and Breiter Weg, Magdeburg, Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg|"Hasselbachplatz", approx. 1900
File:Siegelmarke Kreis Versicherungskommissar - Magdeburger Land - Feuer - Societaet W0251229.jpg|Sealing stamp (1850–1923)
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-14898-0002, Magdeburg, Blick auf die zerstörte Altstadt.jpg|City center after World War II
File:MagdeburgStalinist.jpg|Magdeburg's centre has a number of [[Stalinist architecture#East Germany|Stalinist]] buildings from the 1950s.
</gallery>