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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
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==Career in the United States== [[File:2004-09-02 1580x2800 chicago IBM building.jpg|thumb|upright|[[IBM Plaza]], Chicago, Illinois]] Mies settled in Chicago, Illinois, where he was appointed head of the architecture school at Chicago's Armour Institute of Technology (later renamed Illinois Institute of Technology). One of the benefits of taking this position was that he would be commissioned to design the new buildings and master plan for the campus.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Serrano Avilés |first1=Ramón |last2=Osuna Redondo |first2=Roberto |last3=Valcarce Labrador |first3=María Teresa |title=Mies van der Rohe's Illinois Institute of Technology: Analysis and History of a Compositive Development |date=2016}}</ref> All his buildings still stand there, including Alumni Hall, the chapel, and his masterpiece the [[S.R. Crown Hall]], built as the home of IIT's School of Architecture. In 1944, he became an American citizen, completing his severance from his native Germany.<ref name="Homer2013">{{cite book|author=Trevor Homer|title=Born in the USA: The American Book of Origins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vS0hAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT167|date=December 13, 2013|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|isbn=978-1-62636-976-4|pages=167–}}</ref> His thirty years as an American architect reflect a more structural, pure approach toward achieving his goal of a new architecture for the twentieth century. He focused his efforts on enclosing open and adaptable "universal" spaces with clearly arranged structural frameworks, featuring prefabricated steel shapes filled in with large sheets of glass. His early projects at the IIT campus, and for developer [[Herbert Greenwald]], presented to Americans a style that seemed a natural progression of the almost forgotten nineteenth century [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago School]] style. His architecture, with origins in the German Bauhaus and western European [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]], became an accepted mode of building for American cultural and educational institutions, developers, public agencies, and large corporations.
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