Editing Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor (section)

===Ban on exports===
[[File:Two F-22 Raptor in flying.jpg|thumb|left|Two F-22s during flight testing, the upper one being the first EMD F-22, Raptor 4001.|alt=Two F-22s overflying snow-capped mountains.]]

In order to prevent the inadvertent disclosure of the aircraft's stealth technology and classified capabilities to U.S. adversaries,<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/amendment/105th-congress/house-amendment/295?r=5&s=7 "H.Amdt.295 to H.R.2266 – 105th Congress (1997–1998)"]. Library of Congress. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426134714/https://www.congress.gov/amendment/105th-congress/house-amendment/295%3Fr%3D5%26s%3D7 |date=26 April 2019}} Retrieved 9 May 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arms-usa-congress-idUSTRE5896JU20090910 |title=Senate panel seeks end to F-22 export ban |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143026/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/10/us-arms-usa-congress-idUSTRE5896JU20090910 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live |work=Reuters |date=10 September 2009}}</ref> annual DoD appropriations acts since FY1998 have included a provision prohibiting the use of funds made available in each act to approve or license the sale of the F-22 to any foreign government.{{sfn|Gertler|2013|p=13-14}} Customers for U.S. fighters are acquiring earlier designs such as the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon or the newer [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35 Lightning II]], which contains technology from the F-22 but was designed to be cheaper, more flexible, and available for export.<ref name="WP">Smith, R. Jeffrey (10 July 2009). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/09/AR2009070903020.html "Premier U.S. fighter jet has major shortcomings: F-22's maintenance demands growing"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912151228/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/09/AR2009070903020.html |date=12 September 2017}}. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved 24 July 2009.</ref> In September 2006, Congress upheld the ban on foreign F-22 sales.<ref name="addr_20060927_fms">{{cite news |last=Bruno |first=M. |url=http://aviationweek.com/awin/appropriators-approve-f-22a-multiyear-not-foreign-sales |title=Appropriators Approve F-22A Multiyear, But Not Foreign Sales |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625033608/http://aviationweek.com/awin/appropriators-approve-f-22a-multiyear-not-foreign-sales |archive-date=25 June 2017 |work=Aviation Week |publisher=McGraw Hill |date=27 September 2006 |access-date=28 August 2011}}</ref> Despite the ban, the 2010 defense authorization bill included provisions requiring the DoD to report on the costs and feasibility for an F-22 export variant, and another report on the effect of export sales on the U.S. aerospace industry.<ref>[http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h2647/show "H.R. 2647: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (overview)"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092023/http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h2647/show |date=3 November 2013}}. U.S. House of Representatives – via Opencongress.org. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2647/text |title=H.R.2647 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (see Sections 1250 & 8056) |date=28 October 2009 |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181745/https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2647/text |archive-date=30 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Some Australian defense officials and politicians have expressed interest in procuring the F-22; in 2008, the [[Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)|Chief of the Defence Force]], [[Air chief marshal (Australia)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Angus Houston]], stated that the aircraft was being considered by the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (RAAF) as a potential supplement to the F-35.<ref>{{cite web |last=Taylor |first=Rob |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/markets/companies/australia-mulls-f-22-purchase-in-airpower-re-think-idUSSYD313937/ |title=Australia mulls F-22 purchase in airpower re-think |work=Reuters |date=20 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-03-23/fitzgibbon-keen-on-us-f-22-raptors/1080942 |title=Fitzgibbon keen on US F-22 Raptors |publisher=ABC News |location=Australia |date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Some defense commentators have even advocated for the purchase in lieu of the planned F-35s, citing the F-22's known capabilities and F-35's delays and developmental uncertainties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defence committed to new fighters despite flaws |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200606/s1670900.htm |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=ABC News |location=Australia |date=24 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625173337/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200606/s1670900.htm |archive-date=25 June 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="age_20061002">Carmen, G. (2 October 2006). [http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/rapped-in-the-raptor-why-australia-must-have-the-best/2006/10/01/1159641209404.html?page=fullpage "Rapped in the Raptor: why Australia must have the best"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109134921/http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/rapped-in-the-raptor-why-australia-must-have-the-best/2006/10/01/1159641209404.html?page=fullpage |date=9 November 2006}} ''[[The Age]]''. Retrieved 31 August 2011.</ref><ref>Kopp, Carlo. [http://www.ausairpower.net/Analysis-JSF-Apr-04-P.pdf "Is The Joint Strike Fighter Right For Australia?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505082015/http://www.ausairpower.net/Analysis-JSF-Apr-04-P.pdf |date=5 May 2012}} ''[[Air Power Australia]]''. Retrieved 23 July 2009.</ref> However, considerations for the F-22 were later dropped and the [[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet|F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] would serve as the RAAF's interim aircraft prior to the F-35's service entry.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Houston |first=Angus |subject-link=Angus Houston |interviewer-last1=Edel |interviewer-first1=Charles |title=A Conversation with Sir Angus Houston, Co-Lead of Australia's New Defence Strategic Review |date=18 May 2023 |publisher=Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/conversation-sir-angus-houston-co-lead-australias-new-defence-strategic-review}}</ref>

The Japanese government also showed interest in the F-22. The [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]] (JASDF) would reportedly require fewer fighters for its mission if it obtained the F-22, thus reducing engineering and staffing costs.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Bolkcom |first1=Christopher |last2=Chanlett-Avery |first2=Emma |title=Potential F-22 Raptor Export to Japan |publisher=[[U.S. Congressional Research Service]] |date=11 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Govindasamy |first=Siva |title=Japan makes another push for F-22 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/japan-makes-another-push-for-f-22/86924.article |work=Flight Global |date=10 June 2009}}</ref> With the end of F-22 production, Japan chose the F-35 in December 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.f35.com/global/participation/japan |title=JASDF's Next Generation Fighter |agency=[[Lockheed Martin]] |access-date=31 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701115804/https://www.f35.com/global/participation/japan |archive-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> At one point the Israeli Air Force had hoped to purchase up to 50 F-22s. In November 2003, however, Israeli
representatives announced that after years of analysis and discussions with Lockheed Martin and the DoD, they had concluded that Israel could not afford the aircraft.{{sfn|Bolkcom|2007|p=11}} Israel eventually purchased the F-35.<ref name="IAF_F-22">{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/israel-plans-to-buy-over-100-f35s-02381/ |title=Israeli Plans to Buy F-35s Hitting Obstacles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818035852/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/israel-plans-to-buy-over-100-f35s-02381/ |archive-date=18 August 2007 |work=Defense Industry Daily |date=27 June 2006 |access-date=23 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Egozi |first=Arie |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-in-talks-with-usa-over-f-22-orders-213348/ |title=Israel in talks with USA over F-22 orders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331115621/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-in-talks-with-usa-over-f-22-orders-213348/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |work=Flight Global |date=20 April 2007R |access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref>