Editing Lithuania (section)

===Efforts to restore statehood===
{{Main|November Uprising|January Uprising|Lithuanian National Revival}}
[[File:Emila Plater conducting Polish scythemen in 1831.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Emilia Plater]] leading peasant [[Kosynierzy|scythemen]] during the 1831 Uprising against Russian Empire; often nicknamed as a Lithuanian [[Joan of Arc]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/emilija-plateryte/|title=Emilija Platerytė|website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija ]]|language=lt}}</ref>]]

Following the annexation the [[Tsarist autocracy|Russian Tsarist]] authorities implemented [[Russification]] policies in Lithuania, which then made a part of a new administrative region [[Northwestern Krai]].<ref name="Vle1795-1914">{{cite web |title=Lietuva Rusijos imperijos valdymo metais (1795–1914) |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuva-rusijos-imperijos-valdymo-metais-1795-1914/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=3 November 2024 |language=lt}}</ref> In 1812 [[Napoleon]] during the [[French invasion of Russia]] has established the puppet [[Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission]] to support his war efforts, however after Napoleon's defeat the Russian rule was reinstated in Lithuania.<ref name="Vle1795-1914"/>

During the [[November Uprising]] (1830–1831) the Lithuanians and Poles jointly attempted to restore their statehoods, however the Russian victory resulted in stricter Russification measures: the [[Russian language]] was introduced in all government institutions, [[Vilnius University]] was closed in 1832, and theories that Lithuania had been a "Western Russian" state since its establishment were propagated.<ref name="Vle1795-1914"/> Subsequently, the Lithuanians once again tried to restore statehood by participating in the [[January Uprising]] (1863–1864), but yet another Russian victory resulted in even stronger Russification policies with the introduction of the [[Lithuanian press ban]], pressure on the [[Catholic Church in Lithuania]] and [[Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky]]'s repressions.<ref name="Vle1795-1914"/><ref name="JIB">{{cite web |title=January Insurrection |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-Insurrection |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref>

[[Simonas Daukantas]] promoted a return to Lithuania's pre-Commonwealth traditions, which he depicted as a Golden Age of Lithuania and a renewal of the native culture, based on the [[Lithuanian language]] and customs. With those ideas in mind, he wrote already in 1822 a history of Lithuania in Lithuanian – ''Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių'' (''The Deeds of Ancient Lithuanians and Samogitians''), though it was not published at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/simonas-daukantas/|title= Simonas Daukantas|website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|language=lt}}</ref> A colleague of S. Daukantas, [[Teodor Narbutt]], wrote in Polish a voluminous ''Ancient History of the Lithuanian Nation'' (1835–1841), where he likewise expounded and expanded further on the concept of historic Lithuania, whose days of glory had ended with the Union of Lublin in 1569. Narbutt, invoking German scholarship, pointed out the relationship between the Lithuanian and Sanskrit languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/teodoras-narbutas/|title= Teodoras Narbutas|website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|language=lt}}</ref>

The Lithuanians resisted Russification through an extensive network of [[Lithuanian book smugglers]], secret Lithuanian publishing and homeschooling.<ref>{{cite web |title=XX a. pradžioje rusus suerzino paviešinti lietuvių knygnešystės mastai |url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/tavo-lrt/15/22153/xx-a-pradzioje-rusus-suerzino-paviesinti-lietuviu-knygnesystes-mastai |website=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]] |access-date=3 November 2024 |language=lt |date=28 July 2013}}</ref> Moreover, the [[Lithuanian National Revival]], inspired by Lithuanian history, language and culture, laid the foundations for the reestablishment of an independent Lithuania.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merkys |first1=Vytautas |title=Lietuvių tautinis judėjimas |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuviu-tautinis-judejimas/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=3 November 2024 |language=lt}}</ref> The [[Great Seimas of Vilnius]] was held in 1905 and its participants adopted resolutions which demanded a wide [[Autonomy#Politics|autonomy]] for Lithuania.<ref name="Vle1795-1914"/>