Editing Lincoln, Nebraska (section)

===Growth and expansion===

The worldwide economic depression of 1890 saw Lincoln's population fall from 55,000 to 40,169 by 1900 (per the 1900 census). [[Germans from Russia|Volga-German immigrants from Russia]] settled in the North Bottoms neighborhood and as Lincoln expanded with the growth in population, the city began to annex nearby towns. Normal was the first town annexed in 1919.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McKee |first1=Jim |date=December 30, 2017 |title=Jim McKee: Traversing Lincoln via interurban railroads |url=http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/nebraska/jim-mckee-traversing-lincoln-via-interurban-railroads/article_f5046847-5afb-564c-ad37-c73eb227d606.html |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star |location=Lincoln, NE |access-date=December 31, 2017}}</ref> [[Bethany, Nebraska|Bethany]] Heights, incorporated in 1890, was annexed in 1922.<ref name="Lincoln History UNL" /> In 1926, the town of University Place was annexed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://casde.unl.edu/history/counties/lancaster/lincoln/index.php |title=Lincoln – Lancaster County |last1=Zimmer |first1=Edward |website=Virtual Nebraska – Nebraska&nbsp;... Our Towns |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln |access-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315044654/http://casde.unl.edu/history/counties/lancaster/lincoln/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> College View, incorporated in 1892, was annexed in 1929. [[Union College (Nebraska)|Union College]], a [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh Day Adventist]] institution, was founded in College View in 1891. In 1930, Lincoln annexed the town of Havelock. Havelock actively opposed annexation to Lincoln and only relented due to a strike by the Burlington railroad shop workers which halted progress and growth for the city.<ref name="Lincoln History UNL" />

The [[Burlington and Missouri River Railroad]]'s first train arrived in Lincoln on June 26, 1870, and the [[Midland Pacific Railway|Midland Pacific]] (1871) and the [[Atchison and Nebraska Railroad|Atchison and Nebraska]] (1872) soon followed. The [[Union Pacific]] began service in 1877. The [[Chicago and North Western Transportation Company|Chicago and North Western]] and [[Missouri Pacific Railroad|Missouri Pacific]] began service in 1886. The [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad|Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific]] extended service to Lincoln in 1892. Lincoln became a rail hub.<ref name="Lincoln History UNL" />

[[File:Detroit-Lincoln-Denver Highway monument (from SW), Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption|Detroit-Lincoln-Denver (D-L-D) Highway monument]]

As automobile travel became more common, so did the need for better roads in Nebraska and throughout the U.S. In 1911, the Omaha-Denver Trans-Continental Route Association, with support from the [[Good Roads Movement]], established the Omaha-Lincoln-Denver Highway (O-L-D) through Lincoln. The goal was to have the most efficient highway for travel throughout Nebraska, from Omaha to Denver.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ashlandhistoricalsociety.org/Documents/US%206%20-%20O%20L%20D%20pres%20-%2012%20OCT%202013%20-%2049%20pg%20rev.pdf |title=Huebinger's Map & Guide for Omaha-Denver Transcontinental Route (condensed, edited & annotated edition) |last1=Ashland Historical Society |last2=Huebinger |first2=M. |date=October 12, 2013 |publisher=Ashland Historical Society / Saline Ford Historical Preservation Society, Nebraska |access-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903235447/http://www.ashlandhistoricalsociety.org/Documents/US%206%20-%20O%20L%20D%20pres%20-%2012%20OCT%202013%20-%2049%20pg%20rev.pdf |archive-date=September 3, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In 1920, the Omaha-Denver Association merged with the Detroit-Lincoln-Denver Highway Association. As a result, the O-L-D was renamed the Detroit-Lincoln-Denver Highway (D-L-D) with the goal of having a continuous highway from [[Detroit]] to [[Denver]]. The goal was eventually realized by the mid-1920s; {{convert|1,700|mi|km|abbr=on}} of constantly improved highway through six states.<ref name="idot">{{cite web |url=http://www.iowadot.gov/autotrails/dldhighway.html |title=Detroit, Lincoln and Denver (DLD) Highway |publisher=Iowa Department of Transportation |access-date=October 18, 2015}}</ref> The auto route's success in attracting tourists led entrepreneurs to build businesses and facilities in towns along the route to keep up with the demand. In 1924, the D-L-D was designated as [[U.S. Route 6 in Nebraska|Nebraska State Highway 6]]. In 1926, the highway became part of the Federal Highway System and was renumbered U.S. Route 38. In 1931, U.S. 38 was renumbered as a [[U.S. Route 6|U.S. 6]]/U.S. 38 overlap and in 1933, the U.S. 38 route designation was dropped.<ref name="nhhs">{{cite web |url=http://www.transportation.nebraska.gov/docs/NE-Hist-hwy-surv.pdf |title=Nebraska Historic Highway Survey |last1=Mead & Hunt, Inc. |last2=Heritage Research, Ltd. |date=August 2002 |editor1-last=Jacobson |editor1-first=Kent A. |website=Nebraska Department of Roads |publisher=Nebraska State Historical Society / Nebraska Department of Roads |access-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116010548/http://www.transportation.nebraska.gov/docs/NE-Hist-hwy-surv.pdf |archive-date=January 16, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/us6.cfm |title=U.S. 6 – The Grand Army of the Republic Highway |last1=Weingroff |first1=Richard F. |date=November 18, 2015 |department=Highway History |website=Federal Highway Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=August 18, 2016}}</ref>

In the early years of air travel, Lincoln had three airports and one airfield.<ref name="arrow">{{cite web |url=http://www.lincolnafb.org/airfields.php |title=Lincoln's Aviation Past |website=The Lincoln Air Force Base Online Museum |access-date=October 19, 2015}}</ref> [[Union Airport (Nebraska)|Union Airport]], was established northeast of Lincoln in 1920. The Lincoln Flying School was founded by E.J. Sias in a building he built at 2145 O Street.{{sfn|McKee|p=116}} [[Charles Lindbergh]] was a student at the flying school in 1922. The flying school closed in 1947.{{sfn|McKee|p=116}} Some remnants of the Union Airport are still visible between N. 56th and N. 70th Streets, north of Fletcher Avenue; mangled within a slowly developing industrial zone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airfieldsfreeman.com/NE/Airfields_NE_NE.htm#lincoln |title=Union Airport, Lincoln, NE |last1=Freeman |first1=Paul |date=June 4, 2016 |website=Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields |page=Northeastern Nebraska |access-date=August 18, 2016}}</ref> Arrow Airport was established around 1925 as a manufacturing and test facility for [[Arrow Aircraft and Motors]] Corporation, primarily the [[Arrow Sport]]. The airfield was near Havelock; or to the west of where the North 48th Street Small Vehicle Transfer Station is today. Arrow Aircraft and Motors declared bankruptcy in 1939 and Arrow Airport closed roughly several decades later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arrow Aircraft and Motor Corporation (Lincoln, Neb.)|url=http://www.nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/manuscripts/business/arrow-aircraft.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195818/http://www.nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/manuscripts/business/arrow-aircraft.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 27, 2007|publisher=Nebraska State Historical Society|access-date=May 14, 2015}}</ref> An Arrow Sport is on permanent display, hanging in the Lincoln Airport's main passenger terminal.<ref name="arrow" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Nebraska Trailblazer No 18 – Aviation in Nebraska|url=http://www.nebraskahistory.org/museum/teachers/material/trailblz/ntb18.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075051/http://nebraskahistory.org/museum/teachers/material/trailblz/ntb18.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 16, 2010|publisher=Nebraska State Historical Society|access-date=May 14, 2015}}</ref>

As train, automobile, and air travel increased, business flourished and the city prospered. Lincoln's population increased 38.2% from 1920 to a population of 75,933 in 1930.<ref name="population 1930 to 1980">{{cite web|url=http://www.neded.org/files/research/stathand/bsect5b.htm|title=Population of Nebraska Incorporated Places, 1930 to 1980|website=Nebraska Possibilities Endless|publisher=Nebraska Department of Economic Development Agency|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=May 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508083952/http://www.neded.org/files/research/stathand/bsect5b.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1930, the city's small municipal airfield was dedicated to Charles Lindbergh and named Lindbergh Field for a short period as another airfield was named Lindbergh in California. It was north of Salt Lake, in an area known over the years as Huskerville, Arnold Heights and Air Park; and was approximately within the western half of the West Lincoln Township.<ref name="airpark">{{cite news |last=McKee |first=Jim |date=February 10, 2013 |title=Jim McKee: From Lincoln airport to Lincoln neighborhood| url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/jim-mckee-from-lincoln-airport-to-lincoln-neighborhood/article_5aa10b85-06e4-56d9-8a94-f334ea2b2940.html |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star |location=Lincoln, NE |access-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref><ref name="trailblazer aviation">{{cite web|title=Nebraska Trailblazer, Aviation in Nebraska|url=http://www.nebraskahistory.org/museum/teachers/material/trailblz/ntb18.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075051/http://nebraskahistory.org/museum/teachers/material/trailblz/ntb18.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 16, 2010|website=Nebraska History.org|publisher=Nebraska State Historical Society|access-date=May 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name=freeman>{{cite web|last1=Freeman|first1=Paul|title=Abandoned & Little-Known Air Fields|url=https://www.airfieldsfreeman.com/NE/Airfields_NE_NE.htm#lincoln|website=Air Fields|publisher=Paul Freeman|access-date=May 15, 2015}}</ref> The air field was a stop for United Airlines in 1927 and a mail stop in 1928.<ref name=Branting>{{cite web|last1=Branting|first1=Robb|title=History|url=http://www.lincolnafb.org/history.php|website=The Lincoln Air Force Base Online Museum|access-date=May 15, 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Arrow Sport, Lincoln Airport, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.jpg|thumb|right|alt=refer to caption|Arrow Sport, Lincoln Airport]]
In 1942, the Lincoln Army Airfield was established at the site. During World War II, the U.S. Army used the facility to train over 25,000 aviation mechanics and process over 40,000 troopers for combat. The Army closed the base in 1945, but the Air Force reactivated it in 1952 during the Korean War. In 1966, after the Air Force closed the base, Lincoln annexed the airfield and the base's housing units.<ref name="airpark" /> The base became the [[Lincoln Airport (Nebraska)|Lincoln Municipal Airport]], and later the Lincoln Airport, under the Lincoln Airport Authority's ownership. The two main airlines that served the airport were [[United Airlines]] and [[Frontier Airlines (1950-1986)|Frontier Airlines]]. The Authority shared facilities with the Nebraska National Guard, who continued to own parts of the old Air Force base.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet – History of the Nebraska Air National Guard |url=http://www.155arw.ang.af.mil/shared/media/document/afd-110617-039.pdf |publisher=155arw.ang.af.mil |access-date=May 13, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115212453/http://www.155arw.ang.af.mil/shared/media/document/afd-110617-039.pdf |archive-date=January 15, 2016 }}</ref>

In 1966, Lincoln annexed the township of West Lincoln, incorporated in 1887. West Lincoln voters rejected Lincoln's annexation until the state legislature passed a bill in 1965 that allowed cities to annex surrounding areas without a vote.<ref name="westlincoln">{{cite news |last=McKee |first=Jim |date=March 5, 2016 |title=Jim McKee: West Lincoln almost an industrial success |url=http://journalstar.com/lifestyles/jim-mckee-west-lincoln-almost-an-industrial-success/article_80bdfa06-b94e-5de9-9c3a-f35d2f30d482.html |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star |location=Lincoln, NE |access-date=March 15, 2016}}</ref>