Editing Lincoln, England (section)

===Green cloth===
[[File:Lincoln Guildhall Coat of arms.JPG|thumb|Coat of arms of King James I added in 1617 when the monarch visited the city for nine days]]
During [[the Anarchy]], in 1141 Lincoln was the site of a [[Battle of Lincoln (1141)|battle]] between [[Stephen of England|King Stephen]] and the forces of [[Empress Matilda]], led by her illegitimate half-brother [[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester]]. After fierce fighting in the city streets, Stephen's forces were defeated and Stephen himself captured and taken to [[Bristol]].

By 1150, Lincoln was among the wealthiest towns in England, based economically on cloth and [[wool]] exported to [[Flanders]]; Lincoln [[weaving|weavers]] had set up a [[guild]] in 1130 to produce Lincoln Cloth, especially the fine dyed "scarlet" and "green", whose reputation was later enhanced by the legendary [[Robin Hood]] wearing woollens of [[Lincoln green]]. In the Guildhall, surmounting the city gate called the [[Guildhall and Stonebow, Lincoln|Stonebow]], the ancient Council Chamber contains Lincoln's civic insignia, a fine collection of civic regalia.

Outside the precincts of cathedral and castle, the old quarter clustered round the Bailgate and down [[Steep Hill]] to the [[High Street, Lincoln|High Street]] and [[High Bridge, Lincoln|High Bridge]], whose [[half-timbered]] housing juts out over the river. There are three ancient churches: [[St Mary le Wigford]] and [[St Peter at Gowts]], both 11th century in origin, and [[St Mary Magdalene, Bailgate, Lincoln|St Mary Magdalene]], from the late 13th century. The last is an unusual English dedication to a saint whose cult was coming into vogue on the European continent at the time.

Lincoln was home to one of five main [[History of the Jews in England|Jewish communities in England]], well established before it was officially noted in 1154. In 1190, [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] riots that started in [[King's Lynn]], Norfolk, spread to Lincoln; the Jewish community took refuge with royal officials, but their homes were plundered. The so-called [[Norman House|House of Aaron]] has a two-storey street frontage that is essentially 12th century and the nearby [[Jew's House]] likewise bears witness to the Jewish population.<ref name="Local Heritage">{{Cite web |url=http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/visitor-and-leisure/heritage-and-tourism/local-heritage/jews-house-and-jews-court/110041.article |title=Jews House and Jews Court |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=City of Lincoln Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305052103/http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/visitor-and-leisure/heritage-and-tourism/local-heritage/jews-house-and-jews-court/110041.article |archive-date=5 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{PastScape |mnumber=326716 |access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |first=Eric |last=Weil |title=Lincolnshire Jewish Community |date=September 2003 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/lincolnshire/asop/people/jewish_community.shtml |publisher=BBC News |access-date=12 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708152728/http://www.bbc.co.uk/lincolnshire/asop/people/jewish_community.shtml |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1255, the affair called "[[Blood libel|The Libel of Lincoln]]" in which prominent Lincoln Jews, accused of ritual murder of a Christian boy ([[Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln]] in medieval folklore) were sent to the [[Tower of London]] and 18 executed.<ref name="BBC"/> The Jews were all expelled in 1290.<ref name="BBC"/>

[[File:Jew's Court, Lincoln.jpg|thumb|Frontage of Jews' Court on [[Steep Hill]]]]
Thirteenth-century Lincoln was England's third largest city and a favourite of more than one king. In the [[First Barons' War]], it was caught in the strife between the king and rebel barons allied with the French. [[Battle of Lincoln (1217)|Here]] and at [[Dover]] the French and Rebel army was defeated. Thereafter the town was pillaged for having sided with [[Louis VIII of France|Prince Louis]].<ref name="DeRemilitari">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/wendover.htm |title=The Battle of Lincoln (1217), according to Roger of Wendover |access-date=12 June 2013 |author1=Roger of Wendover |author2=translated by J. A. Giles |date=1849 |location=London |work=Flowers of History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024053150/http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/wendover.htm |archive-date=24 October 2013}}</ref> In the [[Second Barons' War]], of 1266, the disinherited rebels attacked the Jews of Lincoln, ransacked the [[synagogue]] and burned the records that registered debts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Lincoln |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/lincoln-england |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=2 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702122020/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/lincoln-england |archive-date=2 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>