Editing Libertarian socialism (section)

===Emergence===
[[File:Bakunin_Nadar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mikhail Bakunin]], leader of the libertarian socialist faction of the [[International Workingmen's Association]]]]
Libertarian socialism first emerged from the [[Anarchist St. Imier International|anti-authoritarian faction]] of the [[International Workingmen's Association]] (IWA), after it was expelled from the organisation by the [[Marxism|Marxist faction]] at the [[Hague Congress (1872)|Hague Congress]] of 1872.{{Sfn|Hahnel|2005|p=138}} The libertarian socialist [[Mikhail Bakunin]] had rejected [[Karl Marx]]'s calls for a "[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]", as he predicted it would only create a [[New class|new ruling class]], composed of a privileged minority, which would use the state to oppress the working classes. He concluded that: "no [[dictatorship]] can have any other aim than to perpetuate itself, and it can only give rise to and instill slavery in the people that tolerates it."{{Sfn|Long|1998|p=320}} Marxists responded to this by insisting on the eventual "[[withering away of the state]]", in which society would transition from [[dictatorship]] to [[anarchy]], in an apparent attempt to synthesise authoritarian and libertarian forms of socialism.{{Sfn|Long|1998|pp=320–321}}

This put libertarian socialists into direct [[competition]] with [[social democracy|social democrats]] and [[communism|communists]] for influence over [[left-wing politics]], in a contest which lasted for over fifty years.{{Sfn|Hahnel|2005|p=138}} Libertarian socialism proved attractive to British writers such as [[Edward Carpenter]],{{Sfn|Marshall|2008|pp=168–169}}<ref name="n618">{{cite journal |last=Salveson |first=Paul |title=Loving Comrades: Lancashire's Links to Walt Whitman |journal=Walt Whitman Quarterly Review |volume=14 |issue=2–3 |date=1 October 1996 |issn=0737-0679 |doi=10.13008/2153-3695.1500 |pages=57–84}}</ref><ref name="b879">{{cite web |author=Sally Goldsmith |title=Edward Carpenter |website=Totley History Group |date=23 March 1929 |url=https://www.totleyhistorygroup.org.uk/people-of-interest/edward-carpenter/ |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref> [[Oscar Wilde]],{{Sfn|Marshall|2008|p=180}} and [[William Morris]], the latter of whom developed a kind of libertarian socialism based in a strong [[critique]] of [[civilisation]], which he aimed to overthrow and replace with what he called a "beautiful society".{{Sfn|Marshall|2008|p=171}} Morris drove the development of [[impossibilism]], which became increasingly concerned with the [[bureaucrat]]isation and [[moderation]] of the socialist movement, leading to the establishment of the [[Socialist Party of Great Britain]].{{Sfn|Ojeili|2001|p=403}}

By the early 20th century, libertarian socialists had gained a leading influence over the left-wing in the [[Netherlands]], [[French Third Republic|France]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] and went on to play major roles in the [[Mexican Revolution|Mexican]] and [[Russian Revolution]]s.{{Sfn|Hahnel|2005|p=138}} In India, the libertarian socialist tradition was represented in the early twentieth century anti-colonial movement by [[Bhagat Singh]].<ref name="y787">{{cite web | last=Drèze | first=Jean | title=Anarchism in India | website=RAIOT | date=3 October 2015 | url=https://raiot.in/anarchism-in-india/ | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=9 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909164440/https://raiot.in/anarchism-in-india/ | url-status=live }}</ref>