Editing Lev Landau (section)

===Institute for Physical Problems, Moscow===
[[File:ХФТИ.jpg|thumb|right|At the Kharkiv Institute, 1934|alt=]]
[[File:1938-LandauL.jpg|thumb|left|Photo in prison, 1938-1939|alt=]]
From 1937 until 1962, Landau was the head of the Theoretical Division at the [[Institute for Physical Problems]].<ref name=Dorozynsk/>

On 27 April 1938, Landau was arrested for the possession of a [[Korets–Landau leaflet|leaflet]] which compared [[Stalinism]] to [[Nazism|German Nazism]] and [[Italian fascism|Italian Fascism]].<ref name=ScientificAmerican1997>{{cite journal |title= The Top-Secret Life of Lev Landau |issue= 2 |pages= 72–77 |url= https://www.scientificamerican.com/magazine/sa/1997/08-01/ |url-access= subscription |last= Gorelik |first= Gennady |author-link= Gennady Gorelik |date= August 1997 |journal= [[Scientific American]] |volume= 277 |access-date= 2018-06-18 |jstor= 24995874 |doi= 10.1038/scientificamerican0897-72 |bibcode= 1997SciAm.277b..72G |archive-date= 18 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180618075613/https://www.scientificamerican.com/magazine/sa/1997/08-01/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.kapitza.ras.ru/museum/history.htm Музей-кабинет Петра Леонидовича Капицы (Peter Kapitza Memorial Museum-Study)], ''Академик Капица: Биографический очерк (a biographical sketch of Academician Kapitza)''.</ref> He was held in the [[NKVD]]'s [[Lubyanka Building|Lubyanka prison]] until his release, on 29 April 1939, after [[Pyotr Kapitsa]] (an [[experimental physics|experimental]] low-temperature physicist and the founder and head of the institute) and Bohr wrote letters to [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref>O'Connor, 2014</ref><ref>Yakovlev, 2012</ref> Kapitsa personally vouched for Landau's behaviour and threatened to quit the institute if Landau was not released.<ref>[[Richard Rhodes]], [http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9780684824147:9.50&page=excerpt ''Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb''], pub Simon & Schuster, 1995, {{ISBN|0684824140}} p. 33.</ref> After his release, Landau discovered how to explain Kapitsa's superfluidity using sound waves, or [[phonon]]s, and a new excitation called a [[roton]].<ref name=ScientificAmerican1997/>

Landau led a team of mathematicians supporting Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb development. He calculated the dynamics of the first Soviet thermonuclear bomb, including predicting the [[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]]. For this work Landau received the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1949 and 1953, and was awarded the title "[[Hero of Socialist Labour]]" in 1954.<ref name=ScientificAmerican1997/>

Landau's students included [[Lev Pitaevskii]], [[Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)|Alexei Abrikosov]], [[Aleksandr Akhiezer]], [[Igor Dzyaloshinskii]], [[Evgeny Lifshitz]], [[Lev Gor'kov]], [[Isaak Khalatnikov]], [[Roald Sagdeev]] and [[Isaak Pomeranchuk]].