Editing Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (section)

==Internal problems==
[[File:Trieste Piazza-della-Borsa.jpg|thumb|Leopold I column (1673) in [[Trieste]]]]

The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics. [[Johann Weikhard of Auersperg]] was dismissed in 1669 as the leading minister. He was followed by [[Wenzel Eusebius, Prince of Lobkowicz]]. Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor. In 1674 Lobkowicz also lost his appointment.<ref name=":0">{{NDB | 14 | 257 | 257 | Leopold I.| Volker Press}}</ref>

He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm, for example the [[History of the Jews in Vienna|Viennese Jewish]] community, which used to live in an area called "Im Werd" across the Danube Canal. After the expulsion of the Jewish population, with popular support, the area was renamed ''[[Leopoldstadt]]'' as a thanksgiving. But [[Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]], issued an edict in 1677, in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews.<ref name="Schumann2012" />

In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary, where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush [[Protestant]]ism and partly by the so-called [[Magnate conspiracy]]. A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity. In 1681, after another rising, some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted, but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again. Austrian forces occupied the castle of [[Trebišov]] in 1675, but in 1682 [[Imre Thököly]] captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks, so they blew the castle up, leaving it in ruins. They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly, cooperating with the Turks, and sacked the city of [[Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko]] in 1682. In 1692, Leopold gave up his rights to the property, giving his rights by donation to Theresia [[House of Keglević|Keglević]].<ref>Das Königreich Ungarn: Ein topograph.-hist.-statistisches Rundgemälde, d. Ganze dieses Landes in mehr denn 12,400 Artikeln umfassend, Band 3, Seite 271, J.C. von Thiele, 1833.</ref><ref>Henryk Rechowicz: Bielsko-Biała. Zarys Rozwoju miasta i powiatu. Katowice: Wydawnictwo "Śląsk", 1971.</ref>

Espousing the cause of the rebels Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683; this advanced almost unchecked to [[Vienna]], which was besieged from July to September, while Leopold took refuge at [[Passau]]. Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily, some of the German princes, among them the electors of [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]] and [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]], led their contingents to the [[Army of the Holy Roman Empire|Imperial Army]], which was commanded by the emperor's brother-in-law, [[Charles V, Duke of Lorraine|Charles, Duke of Lorraine]], but the most redoubtable of Leopold's allies was the King of Poland, [[John III Sobieski]], who was already dreaded by the Turks.