Editing Lamanites (section)

===Teachings in the 1900s===
Twentieth century teachings connecting modern Native Americans and Lamanites reached their height under the presidency of [[Spencer W. Kimball]] (1973 –1985),<ref name=Oxford/>{{rp|159}} then declined, but did not disappear.<ref name=Use/>{{rp|157–159}} For example, in 1967, then apostle (later church president) Kimball stated that Native Americans were descendants of Middle Eastern settlers who traveled over the ocean, and were "not Orientals" of East Asian origin,<ref>{{cite speech|last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |title=The Lamanite: Their Burden, Our Burden |location=[[Brigham Young University]] |url=https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/spencer-w-kimball/lamanite-burden-burden/ |date=9 February 1967 |quote=The Indian is a Lamanite. There are South American, Central American, Mexican, Polynesian, and other Lamanites; running into millions .... They are not Orientals. They are from the Near East.}}</ref> further quoting a previous [[First Presidency]] proclamation which said God, "has revealed the origin and the records of the aboriginal tribes of America, and their future destiny.-And we know it."<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| last= Matthews| first= Robert J.| entry= Proclamations of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles| entry-url= https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/EoM/id/4090| page= 1154| editor-last= Ludlow| editor-first = Daniel H| editor-link= Daniel H. Ludlow| year= 1992| encyclopedia= [[Encyclopedia of Mormonism]]| location= New York| publisher= [[Macmillan Publishing]]| isbn= 0-02-879602-0| oclc= 24502140|via=[[Brigham Young University]]}}</ref> During the time many [[Polynesian people]] converted, the concept expanded to include them as well.{{sfn|Mauss|2003|p=135}} The scriptural account of Hagoth was used to justify the connection.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parsons |first=Robert E. |date=1992 |title=The Book of Mormon: Alma, the Testimony of the Word |chapter=Hagoth and the Polynesians |chapter-url=https://rsc.byu.edu/book-mormon-alma-testimony-word/hagoth-polynesians |editor1-last=Nyman |editor1-first=Monte S. |editor2-last=Tate Jr. |editor2-first=Charles D. |isbn=0-8849-4841-2 |pages=249–262 |publisher=[[Religious Studies Center]] at [[Brigham Young University]]}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=April 2024}} Kimball definitively stated in 1971, "The term Lamanite includes all Indians and Indian mixtures, such as the Polynesians ...." and, "the Lamanites number about sixty million; they are in all of the states of America from Tierra del Fuego all the way up to Point Barrows, and they are in nearly all the islands of the sea from Hawaii south to southern New Zealand."<ref name=Use>{{Cite journal |last=Duffy |first=John-Charles |year=2008 |title=The Use of 'Lamanite' in Official LDS Discourse |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23290719 |journal=[[Journal of Mormon History]] |volume=34 |issue=1 |issn=0094-7342 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|jstor=23290719 }}</ref>{{rp|159}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |year=1971 |title=Of Royal Blood |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/eng/ensign/1971/07/of-royal-blood |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=[[LDS Church]]}}</ref> The 1981 edition of the Book of Mormon said Lamanites "are the principal ancestors of the American Indians".<ref name=Oxford>{{Cite book |last1=Gin Lum |first1=Kathryn |title=The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.001.0001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2hNDwAAQBAJ |via=[[Google Books]] |last2=Harvey |first2=Paul |date=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-022117-1 |series=Oxford Handbooks |location=New York }}</ref>{{rp|159}}