Editing Lahore (section)

==== Ghaznavid ====
[[File:Data Durbar as more then one decade before by Usman Ghani.jpg|thumb|The [[Data Darbar]] shrine, one of Pakistan's most important, was built to commemorate saint [[Ali Hujwiri]], who lived in the city during 11th century.]]

Sultan Mahmud conquered Lahore between 1020 and 1027, making it part of Ghaznavid Empire.<ref name=bosworth/> He appointed [[Malik Ayaz]] as its governor in 1021. In 1034, the city was captured by Nialtigin, the rebellious governor of [[Multan]]. However, his forces were expelled by Malik Ayaz in 1036.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">{{cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India |volume=16 |page=106 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313205336/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif |url-status=live}}</ref>

With the support of Sultan [[Ibrahim of Ghazna|Ibrahim]], Malik Ayaz rebuilt and repopulated the city, which had been devastated after the Ghaznavid invasion. He also erected city walls and a masonry fort was built in 1037–1040 on the ruins of a previous one.<ref name="Petersen1996">{{cite book|author=Andrew Petersen |year=1996|title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr |url-access=registration|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-06084-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/159 159]}}</ref> A confederation of Hindu princes unsuccessfully laid siege to Lahore in 1043–44 during Ayaz's rule.<ref name=bosworth>{{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=C. Edmund|title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World|date=2007|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9047423836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgawCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA305|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> The city became a cultural and academic centre, renowned for [[poetry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GC University Lahore |publisher=Gcu.edu.pk |url=http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Citylahore.htm |access-date=15 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908173139/http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Citylahore.htm |archive-date= 8 September 2012 }}</ref><ref name="WescoatWolschke-Bulmahn1996">{{cite book|author1=James L. Wescoat|author2=Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn|date=1996 |title=Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=96ec98LieGsC&pg=PA149 |page=149 |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|isbn=978-0-88402-235-0}}</ref>

Lahore was formally made the eastern capital of Ghaznavid Empire during the reign of [[Khusrau Shah]] in 1152.{{sfnp|Glover|2008|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical|date=1872|publisher=Longmans, Green and Company |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00wood|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00wood/page/590 590]|quote=lahore 1152. |access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> After the fall of Ghazni in 1163, It became the sole capital.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Lahore |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327951/Lahore |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502052043/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327951/Lahore |archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> Under their patronage, poets and scholars from other cities of Ghaznavid Empire congregated in Lahore.<ref name="Ikram">{{cite book|last1=Ikram |first1=S. M.|date=1964|title=Muslim Civilization in India |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimcivilizati00ikra |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |author1-link=S. M. Ikram}}</ref> The entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably located west of the modern [[Shah Alami|Shah Alami Bazaar]] and north of the [[Bhatti Gate]].{{sfnp|Glover|2008|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}